
Belgium competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016.

Belgium competed at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway from 12 to 21 February 2016.

The 2016 Dwars door Vlaanderen is a one-day road cycling race that took place in Flanders on 23 March 2016. It was the 71st edition of the Dwars door Vlaanderen race.

The 2016 E3 Harelbeke was a one-day cycling classic that took place on Friday 25 March 2016. It was the 59th edition of the E3 Harelbeke; it was the second one-day race of the 2016 UCI World Tour and the first of the cobbled classics.

Belgium competed at the 2016 European Athletics Championships in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between 6 and 10 July 2016.

The fifth edition of the Gent–Wevelgem women's race was held on 27 March 2016. It was a one-day road women's cycling race in Belgium. It was included in the inaugural Women's World Tour, coming as the fourth round of the competition. Dutch rider Chantal Blaak won the race after a solo attack.

The 2016 Spa-Francorchamps GP2 and GP3 Series rounds were a pair of motor races that were held on 27 and 28 August 2016 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium as part of the GP2 Series and GP3 Series. It was the eighth round of the 2016 GP2 Series and the sixth round of the 2016 GP3 Series. The race weekend supported the 2016 Belgian Grand Prix.

The 2016 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 28 August 2016 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Spa, Belgium. It was the thirteenth round of the 2016 FIA Formula One World Championship, and marks the seventy-second running of the Belgian Grand Prix and the fifty-ninth time the race was held at Spa-Francorchamps.
The 2016 Le Samyn des Dames was the fifth running of the women's Le Samyn, a women's bicycle race in Hainaut, Belgium. It was held on 2 March 2016 over a distance of 112.8 kilometres starting in Quaregnon and finishing in Dour. It was rated by the UCI as a 1.2 category race.

The 2016 Lotto Belgium Tour is the fourth edition of the Lotto-Belisol Belgium Tour, previous called Lotto-Decca Tour, a women's cycle stage race in Belgium. The tour has an UCI rating of 2.1.

The 2016 season for the Lotto-Soudal cycling team began in January at the Tour Down Under. As a UCI WorldTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour.

Belgium competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1900, Belgian athletes had appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, with the exception of the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. The Belgian team consisted of 108 athletes, 70 men and 38 women, across nineteen sports.
The 71st edition of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad was held on 27 February 2016. It was won by Belgian Greg Van Avermaet in a five-man sprint before Peter Sagan and Tiesj Benoot.

The 11th running of the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad women's race in Belgium was held on 27 February 2016 and is widely regarded as the start of the Classics season. The race was won by the ruling world champion, Britain's Lizzie Armitstead, after a solo breakaway. Chantal Blaak won the sprint for second place ahead of Tiffany Cromwell. Armitstead’s win marks the first time a world champion has graced the top step of the podium at the Belgian Semi-Classic. The Omloop started and finished in Ghent, addressing several climbs in the Flemish Ardennes and covering 124 km (77.1 mi).

The 2016 WEC 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, formally the WEC 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps, was an endurance sports car racing event held for Le Mans Prototype and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance cars at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium on 5–7 May 2016. Spa-Francorchamps served as the second race of the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship, and was the fifth running of the event as part of the championship. 56,000 people attended the race.

The 2016 TCR International Series Spa-Francorchamps round was the third round of the 2016 TCR International Series season. It took place on 6–7 May at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps.

The 2016 Tour of Flanders was a one-day classic cycling race that took place in Belgium on Sunday 3 April 2016. It was the 100th edition of the Tour of Flanders; it was the eighth event of the UCI World Tour and the third of the cobbled one-day classics. It was the second Monument race of the 2016 cycling season.