
The 2010 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships was held between 16 January and 17 January 2010 at the Meiji Hokkaido-Tokachi Oval in Obihiro, Hokkaidō.

The 2011 IIHF Women's Challenge Cup of Asia was the 2nd Women's IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia, an annual international ice hockey tournament. It took place between 11 November, 14 November 2010 in Japan. The games were played in the Kirifuri Arena, Nikko. The Chinese team was the defending champion, having won the 2010 championship.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China on 12–27 November 2010.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China on 12–27 November 2010.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China on 12–27 November 2010.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China on 12–27 November 2010.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China on 12–27 November 2010.

Dream 13 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on Monday, March 22, 2010 at the Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet.

Dream 14 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on May 29, 2010 in Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet.

Dream 15 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on July 10, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet.

Dream 16 was a mixed martial arts event held by Fighting and Entertainment Group's mixed martial arts promotion Dream. The event took place on September 25, 2010, in Nagoya, Japan. The event aired live in North America on HDNet.

Dynamite!! 2010 was a mixed martial arts and kickboxing event in the annual New Year's Eve event promoted by Fighting and Entertainment Group that took place on December 31, 2010 at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan. The event included bouts that encompass the DREAM, K-1 and K-1 World MAX banners. Just as the previous Dynamite!! 2009, with the official commentator Nozomi Sasaki, the event aired on TBS in Japan and HDNet in North America.

Japan participated in the 2010 Asian Para Games–First Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, China from 13 to 19 December 2010. Athletes from Japan achieved a total of 103 medals, and finished second at the medal table, one spot behind the host nation China.

Japan competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, held in Singapore from 14 August to 26 August 2010.

Japan participated in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Ninety-four athletes participated in all sports except ice hockey. Japanese athletes earned five medals at the games, including three silver and two bronze, short of the 10-medal goal set by the Japanese Olympic team prior to the event. One-hundred eleven Japanese sports officials and coaches accompanied the 94 athletes to the games, a far higher ratio of staff-to-athlete than most other participating nations.

Jewels 7th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event hosted by MMA promotion Jewels. It was held on March 19, 2010 at Shinjuku Face in Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan.

Jewels 8th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on May 23, 2010 at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto, Tokyo, Japan.

Jewels 9th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on July 31, 2010 at Shinjuku Face in Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan.

Jewels 10th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on October 10, 2010 at Shin-Kiba 1st Ring in Koto, Tokyo, Japan. It hosted the opening round of the second Rough Stone Grand Prix.

Jewels 11th Ring was a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held by MMA promotion Jewels. The event took place on December 17, 2010 at Korakuen Hall in Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Japan sent 42 competitors to compete in all five disciplines at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver.

The 2010 Toray Pan Pacific Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 27th edition of the Toray Pan Pacific Open, and was part of the Premier Series of the 2010 WTA Tour. It took place at the Ariake Coliseum in Tokyo, Japan, from September 26 through October 2, 2010. Caroline Wozniacki won the singles title.