
The 21st African Championships in Athletics was held in Asaba, Nigeria from 1 to 5 August 2018 at the Stephen Keshi Stadium. It was the second time that Nigeria hosted this competition.

The athletics competitions at the 2018 African Youth Games in Algiers, Algeria was held between 24 and 27 July at the July 5, 1962 Stadium. The competition served as the qualification for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics which took place in October 2018 in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The 2018 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships was the eighth edition of the international indoor athletics event between Asian nations. It took place at the Aftab Enghelab Complex in Tehran, Iran, between 1 and 3 February.

The 2018 Asian Junior Athletics Championships was the 18th edition of the international athletics competition for Asian under-20 athletes, organised by the Asian Athletics Association and the Japan Association of Athletics Federations. Athletes born between 1999 and 2002 competed in 44 events, divided evenly between the sexes. The competition took place over four days from 7–10 June at Gifu Nagaragawa Stadium in Gifu, Japan.

The 2017–18 Australian Athletics Championships was the 96th edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Australia. It was held from 15–18 February 2018 at Carrara Stadium in Gold Coast, Queensland. It served as the selection meeting in athletics events for Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Distance events were held separately, with the 10,000 metres taking place at the Zatopek 10K on 14 December 2017 at Lakeside Stadium in Melbourne and the 10,000 metres race walk was held in Canberra in 14 January 2018.

The 2018 Balkan Athletics Championships was the 73rd edition of the annual track and field competition for athletes from the Balkans, organised by Balkan Athletics. It was held at Beroe Stadium in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria on 20 and 21 July. It was the fourth time that the city hosted the competition, following the 1985, 2011 and 2013 editions.
The 2018 Belgian Athletics Championships was the year's national outdoor track and field championships for Belgium. It was held on 7 and 8 July at the King Baudouin Stadium in Brussels.

The 2018 British Indoor Athletics Championships was held on 17 and 18 February 2018 at the Arena Birmingham in Birmingham, England. The event served as the team trials for the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships.

The 2018 British Athletics Championships was the national championship in outdoor track and field for athletes in the United Kingdom, held from 3–5 July 2018 at Alexander Stadium in Birmingham. It was organised by UK Athletics. A full range of outdoor events were held up to 5000 metres. The competition served as the main selection event for the 2018 European Athletics Championships and the 2018 Athletics World Cup.

The 2018 CARIFTA Games took place between 31 March and 2 April 2018. The event was held at the Thomas Robinson Stadium in Nassau, Bahamas.

The athletics competition at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games was held in Barranquilla, Colombia from 29 July to 3 August at the Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez.

Athletics was one of ten core sports that appeared at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast. As a founding sport, athletics has appeared consistently since its introduction at the 1911 Inter-Empire Games; the recognized precursor to the Commonwealth Games. The competition took place between Sunday 8–15 April 2018 at the Carrara Stadium.

The 2018 European Cross Country Championships was the 25th edition of the cross country running competition for European athletes. It was hosted in Tilburg, Netherlands.

The 2018 Czech Athletics Championships was the 26th edition of the national outdoor track and field championships for the Czech Republic. It was held on 28 and 29 July at the Municipal Stadium Sletiště in Kladno. The host club for the competition was AC Tepo Kladno. The same venue is used for the annual TNT – Fortuna Meeting combined events meeting.

The 2018 European Athletics Championships were held in Berlin, Germany, from 6 to 12 August 2018. The championships were part of the first European Championships with other events happening in the United Kingdom.

The 2018 European 10,000m Cup take place on May 19, 2018. The races took place on Parliament Hill Athletics Track in London, Great Britain. The event was held together with the annual Night of the 10,000m PB's meeting.

The 2018 European Throwing Cup is held on 10–11 March at the Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa and National Throwing Centre in Leiria, Portugal. It is the eighteenth edition of the athletics competition for throwing events and was jointly organised by the European Athletic Association. The competition featured men's and women's contests in shot put, discus throw, javelin throw and hammer throw. In addition to the senior competitions, there were also under-23 events for younger athletes.

The 2018 European Athletics Youth Championships was the second edition of the biennial, continental athletics competition for European athletes aged fifteen to seventeen. It was held in Győr, Hungary from 5 to 8 July at the Olympic Sport Park.

The 2016 Finnish Athletics Championships were held at the Harjun stadion in Jyväskylä on 19–22 June 2018.

The 2018 French Indoor Athletics Championships was the 47th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for France, organised by the French Athletics Federation. It was held on 17–18 February at the Arena Stade Couvert de Liévin in Liévin. A total of 28 events were contested over the two-day competition.
The 2018 German Athletics Championships was the 118th edition of the national championship in outdoor track and field for Germany. It was held on 21 and 22 July at the Max-Morlock-Stadion in Nuremberg. It served as the selection meeting for Germany at the 2018 European Athletics Championships.
The 2018 German Indoor Athletics Championships was the 65th edition of the national championship in indoor track and field for Germany. It was held on 17–18 February at the Helmut-Körnig-Halle in Dortmund – the eleventh time the venue had hosted the championships. A total of 24 events, 12 for men and 12 for women, were contested plus four further events were held separately. It was to serve as preparation for the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships.

The 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships took place on 24 March 2018 in Valencia, Spain. It was the 23rd edition of the event and the 2nd time it was held in Spain.

The 18th Ibero-American Championships in Athletics were held at the Estadio Chan Chan in Trujillo, Peru, between August 24–26, 2018. A total of 44 events were contested, 22 by men and 22 by women.

The 2018 Jamaican Athletics Championships was the year's national outdoor track and field championships for Jamaica. It was held from 21–24 June at the Independence Park in Kingston, Jamaica. The national junior championships were staged alongside the senior events.

The athletics competitions at the 2018 Mediterranean Games in Tarragona took place between 27 June and 30 June at the Campaclar Athletics Stadium while half marathons were held at the Adnan Menderes Boulevard.

These are the official results of the athletics competition at the 2018 Mediterranean Games which took place between 27 and 30 June 2018 in Tarragona, Spain.

The 2018 Meeting de Paris was the 24th edition of the annual outdoor track and field meeting in Paris, France. Held on 30 June 2018 at the Stade Sébastien Charléty, it was the seventh leg of the 2018 IAAF Diamond League – the highest level international track and field circuit.

The 2018 North American, Central American and Caribbean Championships was a regional track and field competition held at Varsity Stadium in Toronto, Canada, from August 10-12, 2018. It was the third edition of a senior track and field championship for the NACAC region, held three years after the 2015 NACAC Championships. The winner of each event qualified for the 2019 Pan American Games competition, which will be held in Lima, Peru.

The 2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships were the 97th NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and the 37th NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held for the sixth consecutive year at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon on the campus of the University of Oregon. In total, forty-two different men's and women's track and field events were contested from Wednesday June 6 to Saturday June 9, 2018.
The 2018 Norwegian Athletics Championships was the year's national outdoor track and field championships for Norway. It was held from 17–19 August at the Byrkjelo Stadium in Gloppen. The King's trophy was awarded to women's javelin thrower Sigrid Borge and Karsten Warholm, who won both the men's 400 m hurdles and sprint events.

There were 45 athletics events at the 2018 South American Games in Cochabamba, Bolivia. 23 for men and 22 for women. The events were held between June 5 and 8 at the Estadio de Atletismo GAMC.

The 24th South American U18 Championships in Athletics were held in Concordia, Argentina on 30 June and 1 July 2018.

The 2018 South American Under-23 Championships in Athletics was the eighth edition of the biennial track and field competition for South American athletes aged under 23 years old, organised by CONSUDATLE.

The 2018 Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships was the 54th edition of the annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA), which serves as the Spanish national indoor championship for the sport. A total of 26 events were contested over two days on 17 and 18 February at the Luis Puig Palace in Valencia, Valencian Community.

The 2018 Swedish Athletics Championships was the 123rd national outdoor track and field championships for Sweden. It was held on 24 to 26 August at the Ekängens Friidrottsarena in Eskilstuna. It was organised by Råby-Rekarne FIF, Ärla IF and Eskilstuna FI,

The 2018 Athletics World Cup was held in London, United Kingdom, from 14 to 15 July 2018. This was the first edition of this competition.

The 17th IAAF World Indoor Championships was held from 1 to 4 March 2018 in Birmingham, United Kingdom. This was the city's second hosting of the event as it previously did so in 2003.

The 2018 World U20 Championships in Athletics, also known as the World Junior Championships, are an international athletics competition for athletes qualifying as juniors taking place at Tampere Stadium in Tampere, Finland on 10–15 July 2018. The championships were originally awarded to Tampere by the IAAF in March, 2016.

The 2018 World Para Athletics European Championships was a track and field competition for athletes with a disability open to International Paralympic Committee (IPC) affiliated countries within Europe. It was held in Berlin, Germany and took place between 20 and 26 August 2018 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. 596 athletes from 35 countries competed during the championships.

The 2018 IAAF World Race Walking Team Championships was the 28th edition of the global team racewalking competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations.

Athletics at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 11 to 16 October. The events took place at the Parque Polideportivo Roca in Buenos Aires, Argentina.