2010 Italian Athletics Indoor Championships was the 41st edition of the Italian Athletics Indoor Championships and were held in Ancona.

The 2010 World Men's Curling Championship was held from April 3–11, 2010 at the Stadio Olimpico Del Ghiaccio in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.

Italy was represented by 73 athletes at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain. It is the third most important team selection, after those of Munich 2002 and Göteborg 2006. The standard-bearer will be Antonietta Di Martino.

The 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship was held in Italy from 25 September to 10 October 2010. The tournament featured 24 teams to determine the world champions in men's volleyball. In addition to 2006 champion Brazil and host nation Italy, 22 teams qualified for the tournament by means of continental and regional competitions. The matches took place in ten venues across ten Italian cities, with the final being held at the PalaLottomatica, Rome.

The 2010 Giro d'Italia was the 93rd edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro started off in Amsterdam on 8 May and stayed in the Netherlands for three stages, before leaving the country. The route included climbs such as Monte Zoncolan, Plan de Corones, the Passo del Mortirolo and the Passo di Gavia before ending in Verona with an individual time trial.

Italy competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, held in Singapore from 14 August to 26 August 2010.

Italy sent a delegation to compete at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A total of 35 Italian competitors were expected to take part in four sports:

Italy participated at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.