
The 1926 Women's World Games were the second regular international Women's World Games, the tournament was held between 27 – 29 August at the Slottsskogsvallen Stadium in Gothenburg.

The 5th European Athletics Indoor Championships were held on 9 and 10 March 1974 in Gothenburg, Sweden at the Scandinavium.

The 15th European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden on 3 and 4 March 1984. The track used in the stadium at the time was 196 metres long.

The 5th World Championships in Athletics, under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations, were held at the Ullevi Stadium, Gothenburg, Sweden on 5–13 August 1995.

The 19th European Athletics Championships were held in Gothenburg, Sweden, between 7 August and 13 August 2006. The competition arena was the Ullevi Stadium and the official motto "Catch the Spirit". Gothenburg also hosted the 1995 World Championships in Athletics, and Stockholm, Sweden's capital, hosted 1958 European Athletics Championships.

The 32nd European Athletics Indoor Championships were held at Scandinavium and Svenska Mässan in Gothenburg, Sweden, on 1–3 March 2013.
Göteborgsvarvet is an annual half marathon running competition in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is the largest annual running competition in the world in terms of entries, with its 62,000 entries for the Göteborgsvarvet competition on 18 May 2013. In 2016, 64,500 people entered the race. The youngest runner was 17 years old and the oldest female runner 83 and male runner 87.

Midnattsloppet is a running competition organised in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö in Sweden, as well as Helsinki in Finland, by Midnattsloppet Nordic AB, a daughter company of Hammarby IF.