
The Jiu Valley is a region in southwestern,Transylvania, Romania, in Hunedoara county, situated in a valley of the Jiu River between the Retezat Mountains and the Parâng Mountains. The region was heavily industrialised and the main activity was coal mining, but due to low efficiency, most of the mines were closed down in the years following the collapse of Communism in Romania. For a long time the place was called Romania's biggest coalfield.

Aninoasa is a town in Hunedoara County in the Transylvania region of Romania. The town is located in Jiu Valley, which is a coal basin, and many of the towns residents are coal miners. Most of the town was built along Aninoasa creek, and the town is actually separated into two areas by the West Jiu River. "Anin" means "alder tree" in Romanian.

The Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 was the largest protest movement against the Communist regime in Romania before its final days, ushering in a period of intermittent labour unrest that would last a dozen years, and the most important challenge posed by a group of workers to the regime since the protests triggered by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. It took place 1–3 August 1977 and was centred in the mining town of Lupeni, in Transylvania's Jiu Valley.

Lupeni is a mining city in the Jiu Valley in Hunedoara County, Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. It is one of the oldest and largest cities in the Jiu Valley. It is located on the banks of the West Jiu river within the Jiu Valley, at a height varying between 630 metres (2,070 ft) and 760 metres (2,490 ft). The distance from Lupeni to Petroșani is 18 kilometres (11 mi) (DN66A), and to Deva is 114 kilometres (71 mi).

The Lupeni strike of 1929 took place on 5 and 6 August 1929 in the mining town of Lupeni, in the Jiu Valley of Transylvania, Romania.

Petrila is a town in the Jiu Valley, Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located near the confluence of the rivers Jiul de Est, Taia and Jieț.

Petroșani is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 34,331 (2011). The city has been associated with mining since the 19th century.

Straja resort is an Eastern European ski and snowboarding resort, situated at an elevation of 1,440 m in the Vâlcan Mountains Carpathian Mountains, in the Jiu Valley region of Hunedoara County, Romania.
Uricani is a town in the Jiu Valley region of Hunedoara County, in southern Transylvania, Romania. As of 2011 it had a population of 8,618.

Vulcan is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. With a population of 22,906, it is the second-largest city in the Jiu Valley. It administers two villages, Dealul Babii and Jiu-Paroșeni (Zsilymacesdparoseny).