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Reinhard Bortfeld was a German geophysicist.

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Erich Dagobert von Drygalski was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, then under the Province of Prussia.

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Alexander Gerst is a German European Space Agency astronaut and geophysicist, who was selected in 2009 to take part in space training. He was part of the International Space Station Expedition 40 and 41 from May to November 2014. Gerst returned to space on June 6, 2018, as part of Expedition 56/57. He was the Commander of the International Space Station. He returned to Earth on December 20, 2018. After the end of his second mission and before being surpassed by Luca Parmitano in 2020, he held the record for most time in space of any active ESA astronaut, succeeding Italian astronaut Paolo Nespoli, and German ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter, who formally held the record for the longest time in space for any active or retired ESA astronaut.

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Georg Hartmann was a German engineer, instrument maker, author, printer, humanist, priest, and astronomer.

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Gustav Herglotz was a German Bohemian physicist. He is best known for his works on the theory of relativity and seismology.

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Cinna Lomnitz Aronsfrau was a Chilean-Mexican geophysicist known for his contributions in the fields of rock mechanics and seismology.

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Georg Balthazar von Neumayer, was a German polar explorer and scientist who was a proponent of the idea of international cooperation for meteorology and scientific observation.

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Winfried Otto Schumann was a German physicist who predicted the Schumann resonances, a series of low-frequency resonances caused by lightning discharges in the atmosphere.

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Alfred Lothar Wegener was a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist.

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Emil Johann Wiechert was a German physicist and geophysicist who made many contributions to both fields, including presenting the first verifiable model of a layered structure of the Earth and being among the first to discover the electron. He went on to become the world's first Professor of Geophysics at the University of Göttingen.

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Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz was a German geophysicist who made important contributions to seismology, in particular the formulation of the Zoeppritz equations.