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Pieter Boddaert was a Dutch physician and naturalist.

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Antonie Augustus Bruijn was a Dutch navy officer, naturalist and trader in naturalia from the Dutch East Indies. He was the son-in-law of Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode who from 1858 to 1861 provided lodging and assistance to Alfred Russel Wallace when he traveled through the Mollucan islands.

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Volcher Coiter was a Dutch anatomist who established the study of comparative osteology and first described cerebrospinal meningitis.

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Andries Hoogerwerf was a Dutch track and field athlete, naturalist, ornithologist and conservationist, who spent much of his working life in the Dutch East Indies and Dutch New Guinea.

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George Christoffel Alexander Junge was a Dutch ornithologist who was an expert on the birds of Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, and New Guinea. He was born in Haarlem and studied zoology at the University of Amsterdam, obtaining a doctorate in 1934 with a thesis on crustacean anatomy. From 1928 he studied avian systematics at the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. In 1934, he was appointed head of the ornithological department at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden, a position he kept until his sudden and relatively early death at the age of 56.

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Johannes Gerardus Keulemans was a Dutch bird illustrator. For most of his life he lived and worked in England, illustrating many of the best-known ornithology books of the nineteenth century.

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Cornelis W. "Kees" Moeliker is a Dutch biologist and director of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam. He is also European Bureau Chief of the Annals of Improbable Research.

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Cornelius Nozeman or Cornelis was a Dutch Remonstrant churchman and naturalist.

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Eduard Daniël van Oort was a Dutch ornithologist.

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Coenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist, and museum director.

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Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, the study of animal behavior.

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Karel Hendrik Voous was a Dutch ornithologist and author.