
The Poltava Governorate or Government of Poltava was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire. It was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Malorossiya Governorate, which was split between the Chernigov Governorate and Poltava Governorate with an administrative center of Poltava.

Baranivka is a village in the Poltava Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. The village is located in the Shyshaky Raion (district) of the Poltava Oblast, at around 49°56′58″N 34°0′3″E.

Baryshivka is an urban-type settlement in Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Baryshivka Raion. Population: 10,434 . In 2001, population was 11,178.
Berezan is a city in Kyiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. Population: 16,202 .

Bilsk is a village in Kotelva Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine.

Boryspil is a city of regional significance located in the Kyiv Oblast (region) in northern (central) Ukraine. Administratively, it is incorporated as a city of regional significance. It also serves as the administrative center of Boryspil Raion (district), though it administratively does not belong to the raion. Its population was estimated as 63,674

Chornukhy is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Chornukhy Raion, Poltava Oblast of central Ukraine. Chornukhy is known as the birthplace of philosopher Gregory Skovoroda; a monument testifies to this.

Dykanka is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Dykanka Raion (district), Poltava Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. Population: 7,515

Hlobyne is a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Hlobyne Raion. Population: 9,129

Hrebinka is a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Hrebinka Raion. Population: 10,645

Karlivka is a city and the administrative center of Karlivka Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. Population: 14,172.

Khoruzhivka is a village located in Sumy Oblast in northern Ukraine. It lies 111 meters (367 ft) above sea level. Viktor Yushchenko, the third President of Ukraine and opposition candidate in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, was born there, as was the composer Thomas de Hartmann.
Novi Sanzhary is an urban-type settlement in Novi Sanzhary Raion (district) of Poltava Oblast (province) in central of Ukraine. Population: 8,061

Pisky is a village in Lokhvytsia Raion (district) in Poltava Oblast.

Reshetylivka is a town and the administrative center of Reshetylivka Raion (district), Poltava Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. Population: 9,123

Semenivka is an urban-type settlement in Poltava Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Semenivka Raion. It is the centre of Semenivskyi Raion. Population: 5,898

Sribne is an urban-type settlement in Pryluky Raion, Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Sribne settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 3,059

Talalaivka is a village in Pryluky Raion, Chernihiv Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Talalaivka settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 4,640
Velyki Sorochyntsi is a village in Myrhorod Raion of Poltava Oblast (province), central Ukraine, formerly a town. It can be translated as the Grand Sorochyntsi. The village is famous as the birthplace of the writer Nikolai Gogol and the location of the Sorochyntsi Fair. In 1925–31 the town was called Neronovychi after the Bolshevik activist Yevhen Neronovych, who was executed by Ukrainian military forces in the town in 1918.

Yahotyn is a city in Kyiv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Yahotyn Raion. In 2001, population was 23,659. The current population is 19,270

Zenkovsky Uyezd was a subdivision (county) of the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Zenkov (Zinkiv).
Zinkiv is a city in Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Zinkiv Raion. Population: 9,328

Zolotonosha is a city located in Cherkasy Oblast (region) in central Ukraine. Located at around 49°40′N 32°2′E, the city serves as the administrative center of Zolotonosha Raion (district). It hosts the administration of Zolotonosha urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 27,458.