
The A-91 is a bullpup assault rifle developed during the 1990s by KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, Soviet Union as an offspring of the 9A-91 firearm family.

The AEK-971 is a selective fire 5.45×39mm assault rifle that was developed at the Kovrov Mechanical Plant (KMZ) by chief designer Sergey Koksharov in the late 1970s and 1980s.

The AK-101 is an assault rifle of the Kalashnikov series. The AK-101 is designed for the world export market, using the NATO standard 5.56x45mm cartridge. The AK-101 is marketed at those looking for a weapon that combines the logistical compatibility and familiarity of the 5.56×45mm NATO round with the reliability of a Kalashnikov. The design of this rifle is similar to the AK-74. It is designed with modern and composite materials, including plastics that reduce weight and improve accuracy. Many of the improvements found in the AK-101 are also present in the AK-103 and the rest of the AK-100 series of rifles. The AK 101 is also consider as export version of the AK-74M.
The AK-102 is a shortened carbine version of the AK-101 rifle, which in turn was derived from the original AK-47 design and its AK-74 successor. The AK-102, AK-104, and AK-105 are very similar in design, the only difference being the caliber and corresponding magazine type. The AK-102 is chambered to fire 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition, and is designed entirely for export purposes.

The AK-107 is a Russian 5.45×39mm assault rifle developed from the AK-100-series. It features a "balanced" operating system, similar to that used in the AEK-971. In this case, the designation AK does not indicate Avtomat Kalashnikova but Alexandrov/Kalashnikov. The revised designation indicates the incorporation of a new gas system, designed by Youriy Alexandrov, for Kalashnikov-pattern rifles.

The APS-95 was an assault rifle manufactured in Croatia by Končar-Arma d.o.o since 1995 and offered for export up to at least 2007. The manufacturing company, a subsidiary of the Croatian ARMA-GRUPA Corporation, has been manufacturing the ERO and Mini-ERO submachine guns since the mid-1990s.

The AR-M1, also known as AK-47M1, is a Bulgarian derivative of the Kalashnikov rifle. All variants are featured with a milled receiver, based on the AK-47 Type 3.

The CAR 816, also called Caracal Sultan or simply Sultan, is a 5.56×45mm NATO, gas-operated, magazine-fed assault rifle that is produced by Caracal International in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The rifle is also called Sultan in memory of the Emirati Colonel Sultan Mohammed Ali al-Kitbi who was killed in action in Saudi-led intervention in Yemen.

The Close Quarter Battle Receiver (CQBR) is a replacement upper receiver for the M4A1 Carbine, developed by the US Navy.

The Conventional Multirole Combat Rifle (CMCR) is an assault rifle made by ST Kinetics of Singapore.

The CZ 805 BREN modular assault rifle is a gas-operated selective fire self-loading rifle with a rotating breechblock, cold hammer forged chrome lined barrel designed and manufactured by Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod. The modular design currently enables users to change the calibre of the weapon to 5.56×45mm NATO or 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridges by quick change of barrel with gas tubes, breech block, magazine bay and magazine.

Dasan Machineries K16 is a 5.56×45mm NATO selective fire submachine gun based on DSAR15PC, which is a modified CQB variant of DSAR15P designed and manufactured by Dasan Machineries. DSAR15PC was selected on June 23, 2020 to replace K1A submachine gun in service in the Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command after competing against S&T Motiv STC-16. The Republic of Korea Armed Forces classifies K16 as submachine gun for same reason as K1A while its general characteristic is closer to assault rifle or carbine. K16 will undergo 3 years of development and 1 year of feasibility study in between 2020 and 2024, and start mass-producing by 2024. However, in June 2021, the DSAR-15PC was cancelled as the base model for the special operational submachine gun development project due to allegations of leaking military secrets by a former manufacturer's executive. As a result, the project returned to square one, forcing the selection of other firearms.

The Desert Tech Micro Dynamic Rifle (MDR) is a multi caliber line of bullpup semi-automatic rifles, assault rifles and battle rifles designed and manufactured in West Valley City, Utah, United States by Desert Tech. A second generation version of the rifle is marketed as the Desert Tech Micro Dynamic Rifle eXtreme (MDRX).

The FAMAS is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in France by MAS in 1978, a year after the Austrian Steyr AUG. It is known by French troops as Le Clairon due to its distinctive shape. The FAMAS is recognised for its high rate of fire at 1,100 rounds per minute. Beginning in 2017, the FAMAS was replaced in most frontline units in the French Army by the HK416F. The FAMAS is expected to remain in limited service until 2028.
The karabinek wz. 1996 Mini-Beryl is a Polish compact assault rifle (carbine) derived from the FB Beryl service rifle and chambered for 5.56×45mm. It was developed in parallel with the wz. 1996 Beryl by the "Łucznik" Arms Factory in Radom and introduced into service with the Polish Armed Forces in 1997 as the 5,56 mm karabinek krotki wz. 1996.

The FFV 890 was a Swedish assault rifle manufactured and designed by Försvarets Fabriksverk. The FFV 890 was based on the Israeli IMI Galil through a manufacturing licence, which in turn was based on the Finnish Valmet RK 62 and ultimately the Soviet AK-47. The FFV 890 was designed between 1975 and 1980, and its final iteration, FFV 890C, competed in the Swedish Armed Forces trials for the new 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle, where it ended up as a runner-up to the FN FNC, which was then chosen as the Ak 5. The FFV 890C was never widely adopted by any service, though some rifles were used by the Swedish police.

The Haenel MK 556 is a gas-operated selective-fire 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle designed by C.G. Haenel in Germany. The MK556 was finalised in September 2020, and it is a fully automatic version of an earlier Haenel design, the CR 223, which was already in limited use by law enforcement agencies since 2017. On 14 September 2020, the Haenel MK 556 was selected by the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) as a replacement for the G36, making it the first service rifle used by the Bundeswehr produced by a company other than Heckler & Koch, who had submitted their own designs.

The Heckler & Koch G36 (Gewehr 36) is a 5.56×45mm assault rifle designed in the early 1990s by German company Heckler & Koch as a replacement for the heavier 7.62×51mm G3 battle rifle. It was accepted into service with the Bundeswehr in 1997, replacing the G3. Since then, it has also been a popular export, and the G36 has seen active service in military and police units in several countries, including Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The G36 is gas-operated and feeds from a 30-round detachable box magazine or 100-round C-Mag drum magazine.

The HK33 is a 5.56mm assault rifle developed in the 1960s by West German armament manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K), primarily for export.

The Heckler & Koch HK416 is a gas-operated assault rifle that is chambered for the 5.56x45mm NATO cartridge. It is designed and manufactured by the German company Heckler & Koch.

The Heckler & Koch HK433 is a modular assault rifle chambered for 5.56×45mm which combines features of the G36 and the HK416 families of assault rifles.

The IWI Galil ACE is a series of assault rifles and battle rifles originally developed and manufactured by Israel Weapon Industries (IWI). It is produced in three different calibers: 5.56×45mm NATO, 7.62×39mm and 7.62×51mm NATO. IWI USA also produced limited edition variants of the ACE in 5.45×39mm in 2020.

The M6 is a series of carbines designed and manufactured by LWRC International. It is based on the M4 carbine, with which it shares 80% of its parts. The 'M' model name is not a US military designation. Like the HK416, it features a proprietary short-stroke self-regulating gas piston system and bolt carrier/carrier key design, which prevents trapped gases from contacting the bolt carrier or receiver of the weapon, which reduces the heating and carbon fouling of the internals, simplifies field maintenance, and improves reliability.

The M4 Carbine is a 5.56×45mm NATO, air-cooled, gas-operated, direct impingement, magazine-fed, select fire carbine. It has a 14.5 in (370 mm) barrel and a telescoping stock. It is essentially a lighter and shorter variant of the M16A2 assault rifle.

The M16 rifle, officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16, is a family of military rifles adapted from the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle for the United States military. The original M16 rifle was a 5.56 mm assault rifle with a 20-round magazine.

The FB Radom MSBS Grot is a modular assault rifle developed and manufactured by FB "Łucznik" Radom.

The PAPOP was a French project to construct a computerised multi-usage infantry weapon for the FÉLIN system, capable of hitting hidden or protected targets. It would have combined a 35 mm grenade launcher with a 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle, both in a bullpup configuration, complete with targeting aids.

The SA80 is a British family of 5.56×45mm NATO service weapons used by the British Army. The L85 Rifle variant has been the standard issue service rifle of the British Armed Forces since 1987, replacing the L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle. The first prototypes were created in 1976, with production of the A1 variant starting in 1985 and ending in 1994. The A2 variant came to be as the result of a significant upgrade in the early 2000s by Heckler & Koch and remains in service as of 2020. The A3 variant was first issued in 2018 with several new improvements.

The SAR 21 is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in Singapore. First revealed and subsequently adopted by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) in 1999, it was designed and developed over a four-year period and was intended to replace the locally license-built M16S1 by the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), Singapore Army and the Chartered Industries of Singapore. Many of its design features are directly intended to counter the weaknesses of the M16S1 as encountered operationally by some infantrymen.

The Steyr AUG is an Austrian bullpup assault rifle chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO intermediate cartridge, designed in the 1960s by Steyr-Daimler-Puch, and now manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG.

The Stoner 63 is a 5.56×45mm NATO modular weapon system. Using a variety of modular components, it can be configured as an assault rifle, carbine, top-fed light machine gun, belt-fed squad automatic weapon, or as a vehicle mounted weapon. Also known as the M63, XM22, XM23, XM207 or the Mk 23 Mod 0 machine gun, it was designed by Eugene Stoner in the early 1960s. Cadillac Gage was the primary manufacturer of the Stoner 63 during its history. The Stoner 63 saw very limited combat use by United States forces during the Vietnam War. A few were also sold to law enforcement agencies.

The T65 is a rifle developed and manufactured by the Combined Logistics Command of the Republic of China Armed Forces in Taiwan. Originally patterned after the Armalite AR-18 that has a short-stroke gas system, the prototype unveiled in 1975 showed a rifle that is heavily influenced by the AR-15 family of rifles, albeit with modified iron sights, a reshaped stock, and redesigned handguards. The designated number '65' refers to the Year 65 of Republic of China (1976), the year the rifle's design was finalized. Upgraded versions were designated the Type 65K2 and Type 65K3.

The T91 rifle is produced by the 205th Armory of the Republic of China Ministry of National Defense. It is based on the proven T86 assault rifle, incorporating features from the M16 and AR-18 rifles with more modern features. The T91 is lighter and shorter than the T65 it replaces and has a 3-position telescoping stock to allow adjustment based on individual requirements.

The Taurus T4 is an assault rifle manufactured by Taurus Firearms. It was presented at the 2017 SHOT Show.

The VHS is a 5.56×45mm NATO bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured by HS Produkt of Croatia. The VHS rifle was first introduced at the 2007 iKA exhibition, the annual Croatian innovation display that takes place in the city of Karlovac. The development began from a request from the Croatian Army for a new infantry rifle to update the individual equipment to NATO standards.

The Wieger StG-940 was an East German series of assault rifles loosely based upon the Kalashnikov AK-74. The StG-940 was chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and the StG-942 in 5.45×39mm M74.

The XT97 assault rifle (5.56公釐XT97突擊步槍) is an advanced multipurpose 5.56mm assault rifle developed by the 205th Armory, Ministry of National Defense in Taiwan. It was first displayed in public during the 2009 Taipei Aerospace & Defense Technology Exhibition.