48 Executed German Resistance members

Alojs Andritzki was a German Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained as a priest just prior to the beginning of World War II in which he became a vocal critic of the Nazi regime and its actions; this earned him their ire and he was arrested before being sent to the Dachau concentration camp where he was administered a lethal injection.

Albrecht Theodor Andreas Graf von Bernstorff was a German diplomat and member of the resistance to Nazi Germany.

Cato Bontjes van Beek was a German member of the Resistance against the Nazi regime.

Wilhelm Bernardo Walter Cramer was a German businessman from Leipzig and a member of the failed 20 July Plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair in East Prussia.

Jakob Gapp was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Marianists. Gapp first served as a soldier on the Italian front during World War I at a point in his life where his religious convictions were not of high importance, though his return home from a prisoner of war camp saw him develop socialist views that soon bought him into contact with the Marianists whom he later joined. After studies and ordination he was assigned in Austria as a teacher, where he became noted for his vehement opposition to the Nazi regime; he deemed Nazism as being some warped political tool to create division which was also incompatible with the faith.

Ludwig Gehre was an officer and resistance fighter involved in the preparation of an assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler.

Erwin Gehrts was a German conservative socialist, resistance fighter, journalist and colonel in the Luftwaffe. Trained as a teacher, Gehrts was conscripted as a flying officer during World War I. During the interwar period, he became a journalist. However, with the emergence of the Nazi states, his newspaper, the Tägliche Rundschau, was banned. Finding work with the Luftwaffe, he became disillusioned with the Nazis. He became associated with a Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr and an informer to Harro Shulze-Boysen, passing secrets from the air ministry.

Carl Albert Fritz Michael Gerlich was a German journalist and historian, and one of the main journalistic resistors of Adolf Hitler. He was arrested, later killed and cremated at the Dachau concentration camp.

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime. He opposed some of the anti-Jewish policies while he held office and was opposed to the Holocaust.

Fritz Hermann Goerdeler was a German jurist and resistance fighter.

Wilhelm Graf was a member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany. Followers of the Catholic Church in Germany regard Graf as a martyr. His beatification cause for sainthood is in progress.

Karl Gröger was a member of a Dutch resistance group executed in 1943.

Georg Groscurth, was a German doctor and member of the resistance to Nazism in the time of the Third Reich.

Nikolaus Gross was a German Roman Catholic. Gross first worked in crafts requiring skilled labor before becoming a coal miner like his father while joining a range of trade union and political movements. But he soon settled on becoming a journalist before he got married while World War II prompted him to become a resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich and for his anti-violent rhetoric and approach to opposing Adolf Hitler. He was also one of those implicated and arrested for the assassination attempt on Hitler despite not being involved himself.

Otto and Elise Hampel were a working class German couple who created a simple method of protest against Nazism in Berlin during the middle years of World War II. They wrote postcards denouncing Hitler's government and left them in public places around the city. They were eventually caught, tried, and beheaded in Berlin's Plötzensee Prison in April 1943. Shortly after the end of the war, their Gestapo file was given to German novelist Hans Fallada, and their story inspired his 1947 novel, translated into English and published in 2009 as Every Man Dies Alone. The story was filmed in 2016 as Alone in Berlin.

Elli Hatschek was a member of the German Resistance against Nazism. She was married to Paul Hatschek, a leading member of the resistance group, the European Union and who was arrested by the Gestapo in 1943. Under heavy interrogation, he gave up the names of others in his group, who were then arrested. His wife was also arrested. Though she was not heavily involved, she was charged with "undermining the morale of the military" and was sentenced to death. She was executed by the Nazis at Plötzensee Prison.

Else Himmelheber was a German resistance activist during the Nazi years. She was executed (shot) at the Dachau concentration camp on 30 November 1944.

Helmuth Günther Guddat Hübener, was a German youth who was executed at age 17 by beheading for his opposition to the Nazi regime of the Third Reich. He was the youngest person of the German resistance to Nazism to be sentenced to death by the Sondergericht People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) and executed.

Kurt Huber was a university professor and resistance fighter with the anti-Nazi group White Rose. For his involvement he was imprisoned and guillotined.

Franz Jägerstätter was an Austrian conscientious objector during World War II. Jägerstätter was sentenced to death and executed for his refusal to fight for Nazi Germany. He was later declared a martyr and beatified by the Catholic Church.

Heinz Joachim was a German music student. He played the clarinet. In 1941 he became involved with an anti-government resistance group. He was arrested at work on 22 May 1942 and murdered/executed at Plötzensee Prison on 18 August 1942.

Marianne Joachim was a Jewish German resistance activist during the Nazi years. She was executed at Plötzensee on 4 March 1943 following an arson attack the previous summer on the party propaganda department's "Soviet Paradise" exhibition in Berlin's "Lustgarten" pleasure park.

Maria Restituta Kafka was an Austrian nurse of Czech descent and religious sister of the Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity. Executed by the government in Nazi-run Austria, she was declared a martyr and beatified by the Catholic Church.

Erich Klausener was a German Catholic politician and Catholic martyr in the "Night of the Long Knives", a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political murders.

Maximilian Maria Kolbe, venerated as Saint Maximilian Kolbe, was a Polish Catholic priest and Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of a stranger in the German death camp of Auschwitz, located in German-occupied Poland during World War II. He had been active in promoting the veneration of the Immaculate Virgin Mary, founding and supervising the monastery of Niepokalanów near Warsaw, operating an amateur-radio station (SP3RN), and founding or running several other organizations and publications.

Ingeborg Kummerow was a Berlin office worker and housewife who in 1936 had married Dr. Hansheinrich Kummerow, a high-flying telecommunications engineer, employed in the research and development department at Loewe-Radio-AG. Loewe was an electronics company which had taken a lead in developing televisions technology, but which was by this time increasingly concentrating on defence related telecommunications technology. It was through her husband that Ingeborg Kummerow became involved in anti-government resistance. She was one of a batch of seventeen execution victims who died on the guillotine at the Plötzensee execution facility on 5 August 1943. Sources giving the date of her execution, incorrectly, as 5 August 1944 are believed to be based on a self-perpetuating error.

Carl Lampert was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest who served as the pro-vicar for the Diocese of Feldkirch in addition to being an outspoken critic of Nazism during World War II. This led to constant surveillance against him and his eventual arrests on several occasions. This all culminated with his final arrest in 1943 and his death from the guillotine in 1944 alongside a fellow Christian prisoner.

Hans Conrad Leipelt was a member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany.

Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod was a German Army officer who took part in the 20 July plot to kill Adolf Hitler. He was a descendant of the von Leonrod noble family.

Wilhelm Leuschner was a Social Democratic politician who opposed the Third Reich.

Herta Lindner was a member of the German resistance against Nazism in occupied Czechoslovakia. She was born in 1920 into a German-speaking family in Mariaschein, Czechoslovakia. She joined the Socialist Youth of Germany – Falcons at a young age. Lindner and her family opposed the Sudeten German Party.

Gertrud Lutz was a German resistance activist. She died by shooting at the Dachau concentration camp.

Kurt Nehrling was a German Social Democratic politician and member of the German resistance against Hitler. Nehrling was responsible for supplying information to the Soviet Union and hid banned books. He was later caught by the SS and killed at the Dachau concentration camp.

Hans Paul Oster was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany and a leading figure of the German resistance from 1938 to 1943. As deputy head of the counter-espionage bureau in the Abwehr, Oster was in a good position to conduct resistance operations under the guise of intelligence work.

Johannes Popitz was a Prussian finance minister and a member of the German Resistance against the government of Nazi Germany. He was the father of Heinrich Popitz, an important German sociologist.

Adalbert Probst was a Catholic Youth leader in Germany during Nazi period. He was killed during Hitler's 1934 Night of the Long Knives purge. Probst was national director of the Catholic Youth Sports Association. The Catholic Church in Germany had resisted attempts by the new Nazi Government to close its youth organisations. Probst, along with Erich Klausener and Fritz Gerlich were among the high-profile Catholic opposition figures targeted for assassination in the Night of the Long Knives of the summer of 1934, an early effort by Hitler to assert his dominance of German politics through violence. Probst was abducted and later found dead, allegedly "shot while trying to escape".

Christoph Ananda Probst was a German student of medicine and member of the White Rose resistance group.

Galina Romanova was a Ukrainian doctor who was deported to Germany during World War II to provide medical care for forced laborers. She became involved with the German resistance against Nazism and was executed at Berlin-Plötzensee prison.

Werner Scharff was a Jewish-German resistance activist against the Nazi regime. He was executed in Sachsenhausen concentration camp because of his activities in the "Community for Peace and Development" (German: "Gemeinschaft für Frieden und Aufbau"), which he founded together with Hans Winkler in Luckenwalde.

Bartholomäus (Barthel) Schink was a member of the Edelweiss Pirates, active in the Ehrenfeld Group in Cologne, which resisted the Nazi regime. He was among the 12 members of that group who were publicly hanged in Cologne by the Gestapo on 10 November 1944. Although they were not tried, the group was accused of killing five people and planning an attack on the EL-DE Haus, the local Gestapo headquarters.

Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic. A rival for power with Hitler, Schleicher was murdered by Hitler's SS during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.

Anton Schmid was an Austrian recruit in the Wehrmacht who saved Jews during the Holocaust in Lithuania. A devout but apolitical Roman Catholic and an electrician by profession, Schmid was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and later into the Wehrmacht during World War II. Put in charge of an office to return stranded German soldiers to their units in late August 1941, he began to help Jews after being approached by two pleading for his intercession. Schmid hid Jews in his apartment, obtained work permits to save Jews from the Ponary massacre, transferred Jews in Wehrmacht trucks to safer locations, and aided the Vilna Ghetto underground. It is estimated that he saved as many as 300 Jews before his arrest in January 1942. He was executed on 13 April.

Alexander Schmorell was a Russian-German student at Munich University who, with five others, formed a resistance group known as White Rose which was active against the Nazi German regime from June 1942 to February 1943. In 2012, he was glorified as a saint and passion bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

Hans Fritz Scholl was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's literature, he was found guilty of high treason for distributing anti-Nazi material and was executed by the Nazi regime in 1943 during World War II.

Sophia Magdalena Scholl was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany.

Libertas "Libs" Schulze-Boysen, born Libertas Viktoria Haas-Heye was a German aristocrat and resistance fighter who was a member of the Berlin-based pro-soviet resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Abwehr, during the Third Reich.

Karl Friedrich Stellbrink was a German Lutheran pastor, and one of the Lübeck martyrs, guillotined for opposing the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler.

Maria Terwiel was a German resistance fighter, active in a group in Berlin that wrote and distributed anti-Nazi and anti-war appeals. As part of what they conceived as a broader action against a collection of anti-fascist resistance groups in Germany and occupied Europe that the Abwehr called the Red Orchestra, in September 1942 the Gestapo arrested Terwiel along with her fiancée Helmut Himpel. Among the leaflets and pamphlets they had copied and distributed for the group were the July and August 1941 sermons of Clemens August Graf von Galen which denounced the regime's Aktion T4 programme of involuntary euthanasia.