WʿĀʾishah bint Abī Bakr, also transcribed as Aisha or variants, was Muhammad's third and youngest wife. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers", referring to the description of Muhammad's wives in the Qur'an.
WAli ibn Abi Talib was a cousin, son-in-law and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled as the fourth Rightly Guided caliph from 656 until his assassination in 661 and is one of the central figures in Shia Islam, being regarded as the rightful immediate successor to Muhammad and the first Imam by all branches of Shia Muslims. He is the son of Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad, the husband of Fatimah al-Zahra, and the father of Hasan, Husayn and Zaynab.
WʿAmmār ibn Yāsir ibn ʿĀmir ibn Mālik al-ʿAnsīy, also known as ʿAbū al-Yaqẓān ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir al-ʿAnsīy al-Maḏḥijīy (Arabic: أَبُو ٱلْيَقْظَان عَمَّار ٱبْن يَاسِر ٱلْعَنْسِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ), was one of the Muhajirun in the history of Islam and, for his dedicated devotion to Islam's cause, is considered to be one of the most loyal and beloved companions of Muhammad and ‘Ali and to Muslims; thus, he occupies a position of the highest prominence in Islam. Historically, Ammar ibn Yasir is the first Muslim to build a mosque. He is also referred to by Shia Muslims as one of the Four Companions. Muslims consider Ammar's ultimate fate to be unique among the fates of Muhammad's companions, for they perceive his death at the battle of Siffin as the decisive distinguisher between the righteous group and the sinful one in the First Fitna.
WAmr ibn al-As al-Sahmi was the Arab commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in c. 629 and was assigned important roles in the nascent Muslim community by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The first caliph Abu Bakr appointed Amr as a commander of the conquest of Syria. He conquered most of Palestine, to which he was appointed governor, and led the Arabs to decisive victories over the Byzantines at the battles of Ajnadayn and Yarmouk in 634 and 636.
WMalik al-Ashtar, also known as Mālik bin al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿīy al-Maḏḥijīy, was one of the loyal companions of Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Malik al-Ashtar became a Muslim during the time of Muhammad and since then remained an avid and loyal supporter of Muhammad's progeny and Hashemite clan. He rose to a position of prominence during the caliphate of Ali and participated in several battles, such as the Battle of Jamal and Siffin.
WMu'awiya I was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate serving from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and immediately after the four "rightly-guided" (Rashidun) caliphs.
WTalhah ibn Ubayd-Allah was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In Sunni Islam, he is mostly known for being of the Ten Promised Paradise. He is best known for his roles in the Battle of Uhud and the Battle of the Camel, in which he died. According to Sunnis he was given the title "The Generous" by Muhammad.
WAz-Zubayr ibn Al-Awam was a cousin and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and one of the first converts to Islam. He was also one of the ten companions whom Muhammad promised paradise. He became one of the political and military leaders of the community following the death of Muhammad. Az-Zubayr died in the Battle of the Camel.