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Major general Jaroslav Čihák was an Austro-Hungarian army officer from 1914 and Russian legionary from 1916.

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František Erben was a gymnast, trainer, and educator from Bohemia, in what is now the Czech Republic. Erben made his international competitive debut at the 1900 Paris Summer Olympics where he finished in 32nd place.

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Jaroslav Hašek was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian and anarchist. He is best known for his novel The Fate of the Good Soldier Švejk during the World War, an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.

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Dr Karel Janoušek, KCB was a senior Czechoslovak Air Force officer. He began his career as a soldier, serving in the Austrian Imperial-Royal Landwehr 1915–16, Czechoslovak Legion 1916–20 and Czechoslovak Army 1920–24.

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Václav Kaplický was a Czech writer, journalist and epic poet. He is most known as an author of historical fiction. Kaplický studied at Gymnasium in Tábor, finishing in 1914. In 1915 he was sent to the front in Galicia where he was taken captive (1916). Later he joined the Czechoslovak Legion. For his political opinions he was imprisoned by the legion and labeled as a traitor. After returning to Czechoslovakia in 1921 he worked in civil service. During the period 1922–1950, Kaplický worked in several publishing houses associated with the Czechoslovak Socialist Party. From 1950 he dedicated his time solely to writing.

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Rudolf Karel was a distinguished Czech composer.

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Josef Mašín was an army officer of Czechoslovakia and member of the underground resistance against the Nazis. He was the father of Josef and Ctirad Mašín.

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Zdeněk Štěpánek was a Czech actor. He appeared in 65 films between 1922 and 1968.

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Alois Vocásek was the last surviving Czechoslovakian veteran of the First World War and the last survivor of the Battle of Zborov in Ukraine. He was one of thousands of Czechs and Slovaks who broke with the Austro-Hungarian monarchy to fight for the future Czechoslovak state as members of the Czechoslovak Legions. He was later controversial because of his membership in the Czech fascist/nationalist organisation Vlajka in the 1930s.