
Juhan Aavik was an Estonian composer.
Olari Elts is an Estonian conductor. He was the principal conductor of the Latvian National Symphony Orchestra from 2001 to 2006. He is the founder and director of the contemporary music ensemble NYYD Ensemble.

Jaan (Joann) Hargel was an Estonian conductor, music teacher, oboe and flute player.

Kristjan Järvi is an American conductor, composer and producer born in Estonia, younger son of the conductor Neeme Järvi and brother of conductor Paavo Järvi and flautist Maarika Järvi.

Neeme Järvi is an Estonian American conductor.

Paavo Järvi is an Estonian-American conductor.

Risto Joost is an Estonian conductor and operatic countertenor.

Tõnu Kaljuste is an Estonian conductor.

Artur Kapp was an Estonian composer.

Villem Kapp was an Estonian composer, organist and music teacher.

Eri Klas was an Estonian conductor. He was born in Tallinn.
Tiia-Ester Loitme is an Estonian conductor.

Mikk Murdvee is an Estonian-Finnish conductor and violinist living in Helsinki, Finland.

Andres Mustonen is an Estonian conductor and violinist.
Eduard Oja was an Estonian composer, conductor, music teacher and critic. His father was a forest warden. Between 1919 and 1925 he studied at Tartu Teacher's College at Tartu University, where he met Eduard Tubin, and he also worked for some time as a school teacher. He was not a particularly prolific composer, composing mainly orchestral and ensemble works and choral music. He was however much appreciated during his lifetime, and received awards and acclaim for several of his works. He also worked as a conductor, leading the Tartu Women's Singing Society's Women's Choir between 1930 and 1934, as well as a teacher of music theory at Tartu Higher School of Music. In addition, he was himself a practising violinist. A number of his works such as the opera Oath Redeemed and the choral work The Return Home have been lost, although the majority of his work has survived, and is valued in museums in Estonia today. The Eduard Tubin Museum of Alatskivi Castle contains exhibits related to him and his fellow students under Heino Eller, known as the "Tartu school", such as Eduard Tubin, Alfred Karindi, Olav Roots and Karl Leichter.
Vello Pähn is an Estonian conductor.

Erki Pehk is an Estonian conductor and artistic director of opera music festival PromFest.

Kristiina Poska is an Estonian conductor.

Olav Roots was an Estonian conductor, pianist and composer.

Juhan Simm was an Estonian composer, conductor and choir director.

Anu Tali is an Estonian conductor.
Pärt Uusberg is an Estonian actor, composer and conductor. He is the chief conductor of Chamber Choir Head Ööd, Vend. He played Joosep in the film The Class.