
Karel Ančerl was a Czechoslovak conductor, renowned especially for his performances of contemporary music and for his interpretations of music by Czech composers.

Břetislav Bakala was a Czech conductor, pianist, and composer. His career was centred on Brno and he was particularly associated with the music of Leoš Janáček.

Karel Josef Barvitius was a publisher of books and music.

Jaroslav Beck is a Czech music composer, Co-Founder and Head of Music of Beat Games s.r.o. Beck is also known for music compositions for Blizzard Entertainment's Overwatch short movies, an award-winning introduction trailer StarCraft: Legacy of the Void, and various trailers for Battlefield by EA Games.

Jan Blahoslav was a Czech humanistic writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnographer, grammarian, music theorist and composer. He was a Unity of the Brethren bishop, and translated the New Testament into Czech in 1564. This was incorporated into the Bible of Kralice.

Gustav Brom was a Czech big band leader, arranger, clarinetist and composer.

Vesna Vaško known by the stage name Vesna Cáceres, is a Czech composer, singer and accordionist.

Mikoláš Chadima is a Czech musician and composer.

Emanuel Chvála was a Czech composer and music critic.

Tomáš Edvard Schiffauer, more commonly known as Edvard Schiffauer, is a Czech composer of classical music. Schiffauer is mainly a composer of music for theater. He also composed vocal pieces like operas, an oratorio, a mass and others, along with chamber music, such as sonatas, sonatinas, a string quartet, pieces for a brass quintet, a wind octet, a string trio and more.

Joseph Fischhof was a Czech-Austrian pianist, composer and professor at the Vienna Conservatory of Music, belonging to the Romantic school.

Tomáš Dvořák, known professionally as Floex, is a contemporary Czech composer, clarinetist, producer, DJ, and multimedia artist. He is best known for his work with indie game studio Amanita Design.

Zdeněk Folprecht was a Czech composer and conductor.

Alexander Goldscheider is a Czech-born British composer, music producer, writer and computer specialist.

Petr Hapka was a Czech composer, one of the most significant composers of Czech film music scores. He is known for his collaborations with the lyricist Michal Horáček.
Pavel Helebrand is a contemporary Czech composer known for his theatrical scores for productions including Romeo and Juliet, Pride and Prejudice and Cinderella.
Vladimír Hirsch is a Czech composer and instrumentalist. The author of the concept of the so-called "integrated" musical form – combining contemporary classical music with dark-ambient and industrial music, his compositional style is characterized by polymodal architecture and alchemical work with sound, using mainly digital techniques to expand the action potential of the means of expression. Vladimír Hirsch is or was the leader of the avant-garde projects Aghiatrias, Skrol, Zygote, Subpop Squeeze, and more. From 1986 to 1996, he was a member of the experimental post-punk band Der Marabu. Vladimír Hirsch graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague and has been practicing medicine with shorter or longer breaks.

Václav (Wenzel) Emanuel Horák was a Czech composer and liturgical musician.

Lukáš Hurník is a Czech composer. He graduated from Charles University with a degree in Music Studies. He learned to compose from his father, composer Ilja Hurník. He works as director manager of Czech Radio 3 – Vltava. In 1990 his composition entitled Hot-Suite for piano duo won first prize at the Piano Duo Association of Japan contest. His compositions have been awarded a number of honors at Czech and international competitions. A strong rhythm and melody and polyphonic voice parts are typical of Hurník's synthesis.

Jaroslav Hutka is a Czech musician, composer, songwriter, and democracy and human rights activist. He was a signatory of Charter 77 and the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism.

Alois Jelen was a Czech composer, archivist and nationalist.

Otakar Jeremiáš was a Czech composer, conductor and teacher. He was the son of composer Bohuslav Jeremiáš and the brother of composer Jaroslav Jeremiáš.

Václav Kaprál was a Czech composer, pianist, and pedagogue. Kaprál studied composition with Leoš Janáček in the Brno Organ School (1908–1910) and with Vítězslav Novák (1919–1920) in Prague. Later, he studied piano interpretation with Alfred Cortot in Paris (1923–1924). Kaprál composed about fifty opuses, mainly solo piano, vocal, and chamber music. He was the father of Czech composer Vítězslava Kaprálová.

Johann Friedrich Kittl was a Czech composer.

Karel Komzák I was a Bohemian composer, organist, bandmaster and conductor. He was the father of Karel Komzák II and the grandfather of Karel Komzák III.

Jan Antonín Koželuh was a Czech composer from Velvary. He was a pupil of Josef Seger and studied under the Jesuits in Brenitz. He studied in Vienna under Christoph Willibald von Gluck and Florian Gassmann. In 1784, he became a concert master in St. Vitus Cathedral for thirty years and the organist at the Strahov Monastery. His works includes 45 Masses, a Requiem, an oratorio, two operas, four symphonies, and several woodwind concertos. As one of the most respected Czech composers of his time, he also composed serious Italian operas: Allesandro nell' Indie was performed in 1769 and Demofoonte in 1772.

Petr Kroutil is a Czech musician and actor. He is a vocalist, composer, arranger, and bandleader who plays clarinet, flute, saxophone, and the bansuri.

Karel Kryl was an iconic Czechoslovak poet, singer-songwriter and author of many hit protest songs in which he identified and attacked the hypocrisy, stupidity and inhumanity of the Communist regime in his home country.

Fran Lhotka was a Czech-born Croatian composer of classical music.

Simon Bar Jona Madelka or Šimon Bariona Oppollensis was a Czech composer. In addition to being a composer, he was also a member of the butcher's guild in the Plzeň. Madelka published two music collections.

Leopold Eugen Měchura was a Czech composer.

Vladimír Merta is a Czech folk singer-songwriter. He was also journalist, writer, photographer, architect, filmmaker and author of film music. He recorded many solo albums. In 2011 he released album Ponorná řeka with rock band Etc....

Miloš "Dodo" Doležal is a Czech guitarist, composer, singer, and producer who has released a number of solo albums since 1991. He gained fame in the late 1980s as the frontman of the heavy metal band Vitacit. He has also played with the band Pražský výběr and spearheaded the supergroup Zemětřesení.

Robert Nebřenský is a Czech actor, musician, comedian, songwriter and composer.

Josef Nešvera was a Czech opera composer. The most successful of his five operas was Lesní vzduch 1897.

František Neumann was a Czech conductor and composer. He was particularly associated with the National Theatre in Brno, and the composer Leoš Janáček, the premieres of many of whose operas he conducted.
Vadim Petrov is a Czech composer of Russian-Czech descent.

Vilém Petrželka was a prominent Czech composer and conductor.

Giovanni Battista Pinello di Ghirardi was an Italian music composer and Kapellmeister of the Italian Renaissance.

Markéta Procházková-Lutková was a Czech poet, composer and pedagogue.

Anatol Provazník was a Czech organist and composer.

Josef Karl Richter was a Bohemian composer and military bandmaster.

Václav Riedlbauch was a Czech composer, pedagogue and manager. He was the Minister of Culture in the caretaker government of Jan Fischer (2009–2010).

Jan Rychlík was a Czech composer and music theorist. He was one of the most important exponents of the Czech New Music in the 1950s and 1960s.

Pavel Samiec is a Czech composer and accordionist.

Rafael Schächter, was a Czechoslovak composer, pianist and conductor of Jewish origin, organizer of cultural life in Terezín concentration camp.

Ondřej Soukup is a Czech music composer. He has written soundtracks for twenty feature films, including Jan Svěrák's Kolya, an Academy Award-winner for best foreign film in 1997, and Dark Blue World, for which Soukup received his second Czech Lion award for best soundtrack in 2001.

Jaroslav Uhlíř is a Czech composer and pianist. In the early 1970s, he was member of rock band Faraon together with bassist Karel Šíp. Later, he composes music for Czechoslovakian national radio, where he met Zdeněk Svěrák. With him, Uhlíř released many albums with children's music. He was also television host on Hitšaráda and later Galašaráda where he also collaborated with Šíp. He composed music for films Waiter, Scarper! (1981), S čerty nejsou žerty (1984), Lotrando a Zubejda (1997) and others.

Dalibor Cyril Vačkář was one of the most popular contemporary Czech composers, renowned throughout Czechoslovakia.

Václav Vačkář was a Czech composer and conductor of the late romantic era. He was the father of Dalibor Cyril Vačkář, who was also a notable Czech composer. He is well known for his marches especially for his March “Šohaj” which is well known in his native Czechia. Vačkář is also a very prolific composer with over 300 original pieces of music.

Emil Viklický is a Czech jazz pianist and composer.

Josef Vorel was a Czech priest and composer. He is known mainly as a composer of songs and choirs in the folk style.

Emil Votoček was a Czech chemist, composer and music theorist. He is noted for his chemistry textbooks and multilingual dictionaries in both chemistry and music.
Ondřej Ládek, known professionally as Xindl X, is a Czech singer-songwriter and screenwriter. In his music he combines pop, folk, hip hop, jazz and blues.

Josef Leopold Zvonař was a Czech composer, pedagogue, and big music critic.