
António Tomás da Guarda Cabreira de Faria e Alvelos Drago da Ponte was a Portuguese mathematician, polygraph and publicist. A member of the aristocratic Cabreira family, António Cabreira was a claimant to the Miguelist noble titles of Count of Lagos and Viscount of Vale da Mata, which he used.

Ana M. L. G. Cannas da Silva is a Portuguese mathematician specializing in symplectic geometry and geometric topology. She works in Switzerland as an adjunct professor in mathematics at ETH Zurich.

Nuno Paulo de Sousa Arrobas Crato, OIH is a Portuguese university professor, researcher, applied mathematician, economist, and writer. For many years, Crato was a researcher and professor in the United States. Back in Portugal, he taught mathematics and statistics at the ISEG/Technical University of Lisbon, while pursuing his research in stochastic models and time series. He also published many articles and participated in events of science popularization and for the history of science. In June 2011, he was appointed Minister of Education, Higher Education and Science, in the cabinet of the Portuguese Government led by Pedro Passos Coelho, serving through the end of Coelho's government in 2015. He was twice awarded a national medal from the President of the Republic, firstly as commander (2008) and lastly with the grand cross of the Order of Prince Henry the Navigator (2016), which is the highest grade given to a national figure. He has lived and worked in Lisbon, Azores, the United States and Italy.

José Anastácio da Cunha was a Portuguese mathematician. He is best known for his work on the theory of equations, algebraic analysis, plain and spherical trigonometry, analytical geometry, and differential calculus.

Domitila de Carvalho (1871–1966) was a Portuguese doctor, teacher, writer and politician. She was the first woman to attend the University of Coimbra in Portugal, from where she graduated in Mathematics, Philosophy and Medicine. A supporter of the authoritarian Estado Novo government, she was also one of the first three female deputies elected in Portugal.

Irene Maria Quintanilha Coelho da Fonseca is a Portuguese-American applied mathematician, the Mellon College of Science Professor of Mathematics at Carnegie Mellon University, where she directs the Center for Nonlinear Analysis.

Francisco Gomes Teixeira was a Portuguese mathematician and historian of mathematics.

Ruy Luís Gomes (5 December 1905 – 27 October 1984) was a Portuguese mathematician who made significant contributions to the development of mathematical physics and the state of academia in Portugal during the twentieth century. He was part of a generation of young Portuguese mathematicians, including António Aniceto Monteiro (1907–1980), Hugo Baptista Ribeiro (1910–1988) and José Sebastião e Silva (1914–1972), who held the common goal of involving Portugal in the global progression of science through conducting and publishing original research. Because of this, however, he began to gain notoriety as a dissident of the Salazar regime, which condemned independent thinking. Eventually, he left Portugal for South America to escape further persecution for his involvement with the Portuguese Communist party. Following his exile, which lasted nearly two decades, Gomes returned to Portugal for the last ten years of his life before he died of a heart attack in 1984.

Rodolfo Ferreira Dias Guimarães was a Portuguese army officer and a leading historian of mathematics. Rodolfo Guimarães attained the rank of colonel, and taught at the Army School.

André da Silva Graça Arroja Neves is a Portuguese mathematician and a Professor at the University of Chicago. He joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 2016. In 2012, jointly with Fernando Codá Marques, he solved the Willmore conjecture.

Pedro Nunes was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, from a New Christian family.
Thomas Pereira or Tomás Pereira, also known as Tomé Pereira, was a Portuguese Jesuit, mathematician and scientist who worked as a missionary in Qing China.

Pilar Ribeiro was a mathematician who was a founder of the Portuguese Mathematical Society (SPM) and also of the Gazeta de Matemática.

Stefan Grigorievich Samko is a mathematician active in the field of functional analysis, function spaces and operator theory. He is a retired professor of Mathematics at Algarve University and Rostov State University.

Daniel da Silva was a Portuguese mathematician and marine officer. Born in Lisbon, he completed his first studies at the Portuguese Royal Naval Academy, and then proceeded his education in Mathematics at the University of Coimbra where he became a doctor.

Pedro Filipe Gomes Soares is a Portuguese mathematician and politician of the Left Bloc.

Luís Teixeira or Ludovico Teixeira was a 16th-century Portuguese, cartographer, and mathematician. He had two sons, also cartographers.

Luis Nunes Vicente is an applied mathematician and optimizer who is known for his research work in Continuous Optimization and particularly in Derivative-Free Optimization. He is the Timothy J. Wilmott '80 Endowed Chair Professor and Department Chair of the Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering of Lehigh University.