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Helene Adler was a German Jewish educator, writer, and poet.

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Samuel Alexander was an Australian-born British philosopher. He was the first Jewish fellow of an Oxbridge college.

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Joel Deutsch was a Moravian Jewish writer, pedagogue, and distinguished deaf educator.

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John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. He was one of the most prominent American scholars in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Friedrich Adolph Wilhelm Diesterweg was a German educator, thinker, and progressive liberal politician, who campaigned for the secularization of schools. He is said to be precursory to the reform of pedagogy. Diesterweg is considered as "a teacher of teachers".

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Gustav Friedrich Dinter (1760–1831) was a German pedagogue, theologian and author.

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Friedrich Dittes was a German-Austrian educator, known for his reform efforts within the Austrian school system.

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Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel was a German pedagogue, a student of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the kindergarten and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts.

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Johann Friedrich Herbart was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.

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Friedrich Philipp Immanuel Niethammer, later Ritter von Niethammer, was a German theologian, philosopher and Lutheran educational reformer.

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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach.