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Prof David Laird Adams DD (1837–1892) was a Scottish academic who was professor of Hebrew and oriental languages at the University of Edinburgh.

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Sir John Adams was a Scottish education scholar who was the first Principal of UCL Institute of Education.

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John Adamson was a Scottish minister and academic.

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Robert Edgar Allardice FRSE was a Scottish mathematician, specializing in geometry.

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John Burns FRS, was a Scottish surgeon.

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Aglionby Ross Carson FRSE LLD was an educationalist and author. He served as rector of the High School in Edinburgh from 1820 to 1845. His Latin texts remain in use. In texts he is usually referred to as A. R. Carson.

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James Main Dixon FRSE was a Scottish teacher and author, and an important scholar of the Scots language.

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Professor Andrew William Goudie CB is a Visiting Professor at the University of Strathclyde.

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Robert Graham was a Scottish physician and botanist.

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Bernard Parker Haigh, MBE was a Scottish mechanical engineer. Haigh was educated at Allan Glen's School and the University of Glasgow He served as professor of applied mechanics at the Royal Naval College in Greenwich.

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James Cameron Mackenzie (1852–1931) was an American educator and Presbyterian minister, born in Aberdeen, Scotland.

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Henry Scougal (1650–1678) was a Scottish theologian, minister and author.

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Prof George Gregory Smith was a Scottish literary critic.

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John Strachan (1862–1907) was a scholar of Sanskrit, Ancient Greek and the Celtic languages. He was a professor at Owens College and the Victoria University of Manchester. He is best remembered for the Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, a collection of material in Old Irish that he edited together with Whitley Stokes, and for the textbook Old Irish Paradigms and Selections from the Old Irish Glosses, first published in 1904–05 and later revised by Osborn Bergin. Both of these works are still in print.

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James B. Torrance was a Scottish theologian, biblical scholar and academic. He was Professor of Systematic Theology at the University of Aberdeen. He was a younger brother to Thomas F. Torrance and father of Alan Torrance. He gave the 1994 Didsbury Lectures and the 2001 Warfield Lectures at Princeton.

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Alasdair Ian Fenton Urquhart is a Scottish philosopher and emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Toronto. He has made contributions to the field of logic, especially non-classical logic. One of his ideas is proving the undecidability of the relevance logic R. He also published papers in theoretical computer science venues, mostly on mathematical logic topics of relevance to computer science.

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Prof William John Watson FRSE LLD (1865–1948) was a toponymist, one of the greatest Scottish scholars of the 20th century, and was the first scholar to place the study of Scottish place names on a firm linguistic basis.

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John Wishart was a Scottish mathematician and agricultural statistician.