
Tolstoy, or Tolstoi, is a family of Russian gentry that acceded to the high aristocracy of the Russian Empire. The name Tolstoy is itself derived from the Russian adjective "толстый". They are the descendants of Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy, who moved from Chernigov to Moscow and served under Vasily II of Moscow in the 15th century. The "wild Tolstoys", as they were known in the high society of Imperial Russia, have left a lasting legacy in Russian politics, military history, literature, and fine arts.

Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, often referred to as A. K. Tolstoy, was a Russian poet, novelist, and playwright, considered to be the most important nineteenth-century Russian historical dramatist, primarily on account of the strength of his dramatic trilogy The Death of Ivan the Terrible (1866), Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich (1868), and Tsar Boris (1870). He also gained fame for his satirical works, published under his own name and under the collaborational pen name of Kozma Prutkov. His fictional works include the novella The Family of the Vourdalak, The Vampire (1841), and the historical novel Prince Serebrenni (1862).

Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, nicknamed the Comrade Count, was a Russian and Soviet writer who wrote in many genres but specialized in science fiction and in historical novels.

Countess Alexandra (Sasha) Lvovna Tolstaya, often anglicized to Tolstoy, was the youngest daughter and secretary of the noted Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy.

Princess Ana Giorgis Asuli Bagration-Gruzinsky was a Georgian royal princess (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi dynasty.

Count Dmitry Andreyevich Tolstoy was a Russian statesman, a member of the State Council of Imperial Russia (1866). He belonged to the comital branch of the Tolstoy family.

Durnovo (Russian: Дурново) (known variant 'Durnovy' [plural], 'Durnov'[m] ,'Durnova' [f] ) is a prominent family of Russian nobility. Durnovo is one of two Russian noble families, of which the most famous is the branch of the Tolstoy.

Feofil Matveyevich Tolstoy, was a Russian composer, music critic and writer who used the pseudonym Rostislav.

Count Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy, also known as the "American" (Американец) was a Russian nobleman from the well-known Tolstoy family. Possessed of an unusual temper, he became famous for his gambling, his passion for duels, and his voyage to North America, where he earned his nickname. He was acquainted with many famous authors of his period and served as a prototype for some of the characters in their works.

Count Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy was a Russian artist who served as Vice-President of the Imperial Academy of Arts for forty years (1828–1868). His works – wax-reliefs, watercolours, medallions, and silhouettes – are distinguished by a cool detachment and spare and economical classicism.

Count Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy was a Russian writer, and the third child and second son of Leo Tolstoy.

Ilya Andreyevich Tolstoy, count, U.S. Army Colonel. President F. D. Roosevelt's envoy in Tibet. He was one of the founders of Marineland of Florida, of the Bahamas National Trust, and he served on the Caribbean Conservation Commission. He was a grandson of count Lev Tolstoy.

Count Ivan Ivanovich Tolstoy (1858—1916) was an Imperial Russian politician.

Ivan Matveyevich Tolstoy was a Russian Count, diplomat, senator, grand master of court ceremonies, and minister of postal service.

Countess Ekaterina Fyodorovna Tolstaya, married name Junge was a Russian painter from the Tolstoy family.

Artemy Lebedev is a Russian designer and businessman. He is the founder of the design company Art. Lebedev Studio. He is also an avid blogger, known for his rather provocative views and frequent usage of obscene language.

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He received multiple nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature every year from 1902 to 1906 and nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, 1902, and 1909, and that he never won is a major controversy.

Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy was a Russian writer, and the fourth child and third son of Leo Tolstoy.
Count Nikolai Dmitrievich Tolstoy-Miloslavsky is a Russo-British monarchist and historian who writes under the name Nikolai Tolstoy. He is a former parliamentary candidate of the UK Independence Party and is the current nominal head of the House of Tolstoy, a Russian noble family.

Alexander Ivanovich Count Osterman-Tolstoy was a Russian nobleman and soldier in the era of the French Revolutionary Wars. He belonged to the famous Tolstoy family.

Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy was a Russian general and statesman.

Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy (1645–1729) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, prominent during and after the reign of Peter the Great. He was the ancestor of all the Counts Tolstoy, including the novelist Leo Tolstoy and Alexei Tolstoy the writer. His wife was Solomonic Timofeevna Dubrovskaya born 1660 and died 1722; he had two sons with her, Ivan and Peter. Both his sons died in exile with him the year before his own death. He was, however, survived by many grandchildren: the family was recalled by the Empress Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great in 1760, and had all honors and land restored.

Pyotr Olegovich Tolstoy is a Russian journalist, producer, presenter and politician. Deputy Chairman of the Duma of the Russian Federation VII convocation since October 5, 2016. Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since January 28, 2020.

Irina Mikhailovna Raievskya, was a Russian and German noble. She was Duchess of Mecklenburg by her marriage to her second husband, George, Duke of Mecklenburg, who was the head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1934 until his death in 1963. Irina is the great-grandmother of Sophie, Princess of Prussia, wife of Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, current head of the House of Hohenzollern.

Countess Sophia Andreyevna Tolstaya, was a Russian diarist, and the wife of Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.

Countess Tatiana Lvovna Sukhotina-Tolstaya, was a Russian painter and memoirist. She is the second child and oldest daughter of writer Leo Tolstoy.

Tatyana Nikitichna Tolstaya is a Russian writer, TV host, publicist, novelist, and essayist from the Tolstoy family, known for her fiction and "acerbic essays on contemporary Russian life".

Louise Viktoria Tolstoy is a Swedish jazz singer of Russian ancestry. She is the great-great-granddaughter of Russian writer Leo Tolstoy and the daughter of Erik Kjellberg. Tolstoy was a regular studio guest in season one of the television series Big Brother in 2000.

Yasnaya Polyana is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy. It is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Tula, Russia, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) from Moscow.

Count Yegor Petrovich Tolstoy was a Russian lieutenant-general, senator, and governor of Taganrog, Kaluga and Penza.
