Francisco Antonio de Agurto, 1st Marquess of GastañagaW
Francisco Antonio de Agurto, 1st Marquess of Gastañaga

Francisco Antonio de Agurto y Salcedo, 1st Marquess of Gastañaga was a Spanish nobleman, viceroy and governor of Basque origin. He became first Marquess de Gastañaga in 1676 and was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands between 1685 and 1692. He led the Spanish troops in the Battle of Fleurus (1690) and unsuccessfully defended Mons against the French. He began a new royal chapel of Saint Joseph in Waterloo in 1687 an attempt to curry favour with the court, but was recalled to Madrid for his failure to hold Mons. After this he became Viceroy of Catalonia between 1694 and 1696, where he was confronted with a French invasion during the War of the Grand Alliance.

Albert VII, Archduke of AustriaW
Albert VII, Archduke of Austria

Albert VII was the ruling Archduke of Austria for a few months in 1619 and, jointly with his wife, Isabella Clara Eugenia, sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands between 1598 and 1621. Prior to this, he had been a cardinal, archbishop of Toledo, viceroy of Portugal and Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands. He succeeded his brother Matthias as reigning archduke of Lower and Upper Austria, but abdicated in favor of Ferdinand II the same year, making it the shortest reign in Austrian history.

Albert Casimir, Duke of TeschenW
Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen

Prince Albert Casimir of Saxony, Duke of Teschen was a Saxon prince from the House of Wettin who married into the Habsburg imperial family. He was noted as an art collector and founded the Albertina in Vienna, one of the largest and finest collections of old master prints and drawings in the world.

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of AlbaW
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, known as the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and Portugal and as the Iron Duke in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general and diplomat. He was titled the 3rd Duke of Alba de Tormes, 4th Marquess of Coria, 3rd Count of Salvatierra de Tormes, 2nd Count of Piedrahita, 8th Lord of Valdecorneja, Grandee of Spain and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. His motto in Latin was Deo patrum Nostrorum.

Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea, 9th Duke of VillahermosaW
Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea, 9th Duke of Villahermosa

Carlos de Aragón de Gurrea y de Borja, 9th duke of Villahermosa was a Spanish nobleman, viceroy and governor.

Prince Charles Alexander of LorraineW
Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine

Prince Charles Alexander Emanuel of Lorraine was a Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier, field marshal of the Imperial Army, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands.

Archduke Charles, Duke of TeschenW
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Laurentius of Austria, Duke of Teschen was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain. He was also the younger brother of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Despite being epileptic, Charles achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of the Austrian army. He was considered one of Napoleon's more formidable opponents.

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of SavoyW
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy

Emmanuel Philibert was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580. He is remembered for the Italianization of the House of Savoy, as he recovered the savoyard state following the Battle of St. Quentin (1557) and subsequently moved the capital to Turin and made Italian the official language in Piedmont.

Archduke Ernest of AustriaW
Archduke Ernest of Austria

Archduke Ernest of Austria was an Austrian prince, the son of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain.

Prince Eugene of SavoyW
Prince Eugene of Savoy

Prince Eugene Francis of Savoy–Carignano better known as Prince Eugene was a field marshal in the army of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries. He was one of the most successful military commanders of his time, and rose to the highest offices of state at the Imperial court in Vienna.

Alexander Farnese, Duke of ParmaW
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma

Alexander Farnese was a Parmese noble and condottiero and later a general of the Spanish army, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. Thanks to a steady influx of troops from Spain, during 1581–1587 Farnese captured more than thirty towns in the south and returned them to the control of Catholic Spain. During the French Wars of Religion he relieved Paris for the Catholics. His talents as a field commander, strategist and organizer earned him the regard of his contemporaries and military historians as the first captain of his age.

Alexander Farnese, Prince of ParmaW
Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma

Alessandro Farnese was an Italian military leader, who was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1678 until 1682.

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of AustriaW
Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church, Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal, Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–41), and military commander during the Thirty Years' War.

Friedrich August von Harrach-RohrauW
Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau

Count Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau,, was plenipotentiary minister of the Austrian Netherlands (1732–1741) and became Governor-General ad interim in 1741–1744.

Isabella Clara EugeniaW
Isabella Clara Eugenia

Isabella Clara Eugenia, sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and the north of modern France with her husband, Archduke Albert VII of Austria. Their reign is considered the Golden Age of the Spanish Netherlands. Isabella was one of the most powerful women in 16th and 17th century Europe.

John of AustriaW
John of Austria

John of Austria was an illegitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, and is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy Alliance fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.

John of Austria the YoungerW
John of Austria the Younger

John of Austria or John Joseph of Austria was a Spanish general and political figure. He was the only illegitimate son of Philip IV of Spain to be acknowledged by the King and trained for military command and political administration. Don John advanced the causes of the Spanish Crown militarily and diplomatically at Naples, Sicily, Catalonia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Dunkirk and other fronts. He was the governor of the Southern Netherlands from 1656 to 1659. He remained a popular hero even as the fortunes of Imperial Spain began to decline. His feuds with his father's widow, Queen Mariana, led to a 1677 palace coup through which he exiled Mariana and took control of the monarchy of his half-brother Charles II of Spain. However, he proved far from the savior Spain had hoped he would be. He remained in power until his death in 1679.

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of AustriaW
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts.

Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of CaracenaW
Luis de Benavides Carrillo, Marquis of Caracena

Luis Francisco de Benavides Carrillo de Toledo, Marquis of Caracena, Marquis of Fromista was a Spanish general and political figure. He served as Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands between 1659 and 1664.

Margaret of Austria, Duchess of SavoyW
Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy

Archduchess Margaret of Austria, suo jure Countess of Artois, was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1507 to 1515 and again from 1519 to 1530. She was the first of many female regents in the Netherlands.

Margaret of ParmaW
Margaret of Parma

Margaret of Parma was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582. She was the illegitimate daughter of the then 22-year-old Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst. She was a Duchess of Florence and a Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by marriage.

Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor)W
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (governor)

Archduchess Maria Anna Eleanor Wilhelmina Josepha of Austria was a member of the House of Habsburg who governed the Austrian Netherlands in the name of her elder sister, Empress Maria Theresa.

Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (governor)W
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (governor)

Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria, was the governor of the Austrian Netherlands between 1725 and 1741.

Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)W
Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands)

Mary of Austria, also known as Mary of Hungary, was queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the wife of King Louis II, and was later Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands.

Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of BavariaW
Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria

Maximilian II, also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last governor of the Spanish Netherlands and duke of Luxembourg. An able soldier, his ambition led to conflicts that limited his ultimate dynastic achievements.

Íñigo Melchor de Velasco, 7th Duke of FríasW
Íñigo Melchor de Velasco, 7th Duke of Frías

Íñigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco, 7th Duke of Frías, GE, KOS, was a Spanish nobleman and Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands.

Francisco de MeloW
Francisco de Melo

Dom Francisco de Melo was a Portuguese nobleman and general.

Francisco de Moncada, 3rd Marquis of AitonaW
Francisco de Moncada, 3rd Marquis of Aitona

Francisco de Moncada, 3rd Marquis of Aytona, (1586–1635) was a Spanish diplomat, soldier and writer of the early 17th century. He was also interim Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.

Francisco de Moura Corte Real, 3rd Marquis of Castelo RodrigoW
Francisco de Moura Corte Real, 3rd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo

Francisco de Moura Corte Real, 3rd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo was a Portuguese nobleman who served as Viceroy of Sardinia and Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands.

Manuel de Moura Corte Real, 2nd Marquis of Castelo RodrigoW
Manuel de Moura Corte Real, 2nd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo

Dom Manuel de Moura Corte-Real, 2nd Marquis of Castel Rodrigo,, , was Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1644 to 1647.

Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-VorderortW
Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort

Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort was an Imperial and Spanish army commander of German origin and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1592 to 1594.

Juan Domingo de Zuñiga y FonsecaW
Juan Domingo de Zuñiga y Fonseca

Juan Domingo Méndez de Haro y Fernández de Córdoba was a Spanish military and political figure. He was the son of Don Luis Méndez de Haro, 6th Marquis of Carpio, Prime Minister to King Philip IV of Spain, and of Doña Catalina Fernández de Córdoba.

Luis de Requesens y ZúñigaW
Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga

Luis de Requeséns y Zúñiga also known as Luis de Zúñiga y Requeséns was a Spanish politician, soldier and diplomat.