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Netherlands New Guinea refers to the Papua region of Indonesia while it was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It was commonly known as Dutch New Guinea. It contained what are now Indonesia's two easternmost provinces, Papua and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name Irian Jaya.

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The Battle of Arafura Sea, also known as the Battle of Vlakke Hoek, was a naval battle in the Vlakke Hoek Bay of the Arafura Sea in Western New Guinea on January 15, 1962 between Indonesia and the Netherlands.

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The coat of arms of Netherlands New Guinea was one of a number of national symbols chosen by the Papuan representative body the New Guinea Council in 1961. The coat of arms was not however recorded in the National Committee October 1961 manifesto unlike the flag and anthem. The design on the shield incorporated the new flag the Morning Star flag. The shield was supported by two lesser birds-of-paradise and surrounded by a garland of local flowers and a scroll bearing the motto "Setia, djudjur, Mesra".

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Fort Du Bus was a Dutch administrative and trading post established in 1828 on Triton Bay on the southwest coast of New Guinea, in the current Indonesian province of West Papua. Intended to counter British encroachment, it was the first European settlement in the region; it was abandoned in 1835, due to the unhealthy climate and attacks by natives.

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Jayapura is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Papua. It is situated on the northern coast of New Guinea island and covers an area of 935.92 km2 (361.36 sq mi). The city borders the Pacific Ocean and Yos Sudarso Bay to the north, Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea to the east, Keerom Regency to the south, and Jayapura Regency to the west. It is the most populous city in the Indonesian part of New Guinea with a population of 256,705 at the 2010 census; the latest official estimate is 315,872.

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The Morning Star flag was a flag used in a supplemental fashion on Netherlands New Guinea to the flag of the Netherlands. It was first raised on 1 December 1961 prior to the territory coming under administration of the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA) on 1 October 1962.

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Operation Trikora was an Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the Dutch overseas territory of Netherlands New Guinea in 1961 and 1962. After negotiations, the Netherlands signed the New York Agreement with Indonesia on 15 August 1962, relinquishing control of Western New Guinea to the United Nations.