41 1971 Bangladesh genocide

The genocide in Bangladesh began on 26 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as West Pakistan began a military crackdown on the Eastern wing of the nation to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination. During the nine-month-long Bangladesh War for Liberation, members of the Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias from Jamaat-e-Islami killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 people and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women, according to Bangladeshi and Indian sources, in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. The actions against women were supported by Jamaat-e-Islami religious leaders, who declared that Bengali women were gonimoter maal. As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people, mostly Hindus, fled the country to seek refuge in neighbouring India. It is estimated that up to 30 million civilians were internally displaced out of 70 million. During the war, there was also ethnic violence between Bengalis and Urdu-speaking Biharis. Biharis faced reprisals from Bengali mobs and militias and from 1,000 to 150,000 were killed. Other sources claim it was up to 500,000.

Bengali Genocide Remembrance Day or Bangladesh Genocide Memorial Day is a national day observed on 25 March in Bangladesh to commemorate the victims of the Bengali genocide of 1971, approved unanimously in 2017.

Adityapur massacre refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindus by the Pakistani occupation army during the Bangladesh Liberation War at Adityapur in Bangladesh. On 14 June 1971, the Pakistani army in collaboration with the Razakars, killed 63 Bengali Hindus in the village of Adityapur in Sylhet district.

Akhira massacre was a massacre of the emigrating Hindus of the then Dinajpur district near Baraihat on 17 April 1971 by the Pakistani army with collaboration from the local Razakars. It is estimated that around 100 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

Bagbati massacre refers to the cold blooded killings of more than 200 unarmed Bengali Hindus by the Al Badar, Pakistan Army, Razakars and Peace Committee and in the Bagbati Union of Sirajganj sub-division in the erstwhile district of greater Pabna in May 1971. After the massacre the bodies were buried or dumped in wells.

Bakchar massacre refers to the massacre of nine unarmed Bengali Hindu residents by the Razakars on the instructions of Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed in the village of Bakchar in Faridpur district on 13 May 1971. On 17 July 2013 the International Crimes Tribunal found Mojaheed responsible for the killings and sentenced him for life. In 2015, a four-judge bench of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court reduced the death sentence to life imprisonment.

Bakhrabad massacre was a massacre of the Hindu population of Bakhrabad village, in the district of the Comilla, on 24 May 1971 by the Pakistani army with the help of Al Badr and Al Shams, during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

The Barguna massacre was the mass execution of unarmed residents of Barguna in the Barguna sub-divisional jail by the Pakistan Armed Forces on 29 and 30 May 1971. More than 100 people were killed. Seventy-two of them were identified; the majority were Bengali Hindus, the rest Muslims, mostly supporters of the Bangladesh Awami League and sovereign Bangladesh. In 1992, a memorial was constructed with a marble plaque containing the names of the 72 victims and six other victims killed elsewhere.

Baria massacre was the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus in the village of Baria in present-day Gazipur Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh by the Pakistan army on 14 May 1971. Around 200 Bengali Hindus from Baria and nearby Kamaria were killed in the massacre, while hundreds more were injured.

In 1971 the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme right wing Islamist militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the systematic execution of Bengali pro-liberation intellectuals during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a war crime. Intellectuals were killed throughout the entire duration of the war. The largest number of executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, as it became apparent that Bangladesh would become independent. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.

On 22 May 1971 local collaborators attacked the village of Nali in Barisal district of Bangladesh. The Bengali Hindu villagers resisted with spears and shields. However, they were soon overpowered by the collaborators, who shot dead 15 villagers.

Burunga massacre was a massacre of at least 71 members of the Hindu population of Burunga and nearby villages on the Burunga High School grounds, in the district of Sylhet by the Pakistani army on 26 May 1971.

Char Bhadrasan massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu residents in Char Bhadrasan in Faridpur district by the Pakistani occupation army and the Razakars in the middle of May, 1971. Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami led a team of Razakars and Pakistani army to the Hindu dominated villages of Baidyadangi, Majhidangi and Baladangi where they massacred 50-60 unarmed Bengali Hindus. The attackers set fire to 300-350 Hindu households forcing them to flee the country.

Chuknagar massacre was a massacre committed by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The massacre took place on 20 May 1971 at Dumuria in Khulna and it was one of the largest massacres during the war. The exact number of persons killed in the massacre is not known. Academic Sarmila Bose dismisses claims that 10,000 were killed as "unhelpful", and argues that the reported number of attackers could have shot no more than several hundred people before running out of ammunition. The majority of people killed in the massacre were men, although an unknown number of women and children were murdered as well.

Dakra massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu refugees at the village of Dakra, in the Bagerhat sub-division of Khulna District on 21 May 1971 by the Peace Committee members and the Razakars. The attackers were led by Rajab Ali Fakir, the chairman of the Bagerhat sub-divisional Peace Committee. More than 2,000 Hindu men, women and children were killed in the massacre.

Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War is a controversial book on the Bangladesh Liberation War written by Sarmila Bose. The book caused an uproar in Bangladesh, where it has been accused of flawed and biased methodology, historical negationism and downplaying war crimes.

Demra massacre in Bangladesh was the massacre of unarmed Hindu residents of the villages under Demra Union in present-day Faridpur Upazila in Pabna District by the occupying Pakistan Army aided by local collaborators on 13 May 1971. It is estimated that 800–900 people were killed in a single day. Rape and plunder were also carried out, and mosques, temples, schools and houses were set on fire.

In March 1971, the Pakistani Armed Forces chief General Yahya Khan launched Operation Searchlight to curb the Bengali nationalist movement. As part of the operation, Pakistani forces attacked Dhaka University.

Galimpur massacre was a massacre of the Hindu population of Galimpur in the district of Sylhet by the Pakistani army on 20 May 1971.

Golahat massacre was a massacre of the emigrating Marwaris and Hindus of Saidpur on the 13 June 1971, by the Urdu-speaking people of the area who had collaborated with the Pakistani occupation army.

Hasamdia massacre was the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus in the Hasamdia village and nearby areas on 16 May 1971 by the Pakistan Armed Forces. 33 persons were killed in the massacre. On 21 January 2013, the International Crimes Tribunal adjudged Abul Kalam Azad guilty of genocide for his involvement in the massacre and sentenced to death.

Ishangopalpur massacre refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindus in Ishangopalpur village, in the outskirts of Faridpur on 2 May 1971. The Pakistan army shot and bayoneted 28 Bengali Hindus to death.

Jandi massacre was a premediated massacre of Bengali Hindus in the Jandi village of Tujarpur Union under Bhanga Upazila of Faridpur District, Dhaka on 2 May, 1971 by the Pakistan Army in collaboration with the Razakars during the Bangladesh Liberation War. According to sources, 31 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistani Occupation Forces and the Razakars.

Jathibhanga massacre was a massacre of the Bengali & Rajbanshi population in the Jathibhanga area of Shukhanpukuri Union under Thakurgaon sub-division of greater Dinajpur district on 23 April 1971 by the Pakistani Army in collaboration with the Razakars. The collaborators included members from Jamaat-e-Islami, Muslim League and Pakistan Democratic Party. The victims of the massacre were all Hindus. It is estimated that more than 3,000 Bengali Hindus were killed in the massacre within a few hours.

Kaliganj massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus fleeing to India in Kaliganj market, in the present day Jaldhaka Upazila of Nilphamari District on 27 April 1971. An estimated 400 Bengali Hindus were killed by the Pakistan Army. It is alleged that this massacre was masterminded by Muslim League leader and central minister Kazi Abdul Kader.

Karai Kadipur massacre was the massacre of unarmed Hindu villagers of Joypurhat on 26 April 1971 by the Pakistani army and the Razakars. 370 Hindus were killed in the massacre in the villages of Karai, Kadipur and other adjoining villages.

Ketnar Bil massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus in Ketnar Bil region of Barisal District by the Pakistan Occupation Army on 15 May 1971.

Krishnapur massacre took place on 18 September 1971 in Krishnapur and neighbouring villages in the district of Sylhet in Bangladesh. In Krishnapur, the Pakistani occupation army shot 127 Bengali Hindus to death. In the neighbouring villages more than a 100 Hindus were killed.

The Madhyapara Massacre refers to the alleged massacre of unarmed Hindu residents of Madhyapara and other nearby villages under the authority of the Palong police station in the Faridpur district, by the Pakistani army on 22 May 1971. An estimated 370 people were killed in the massacre. In 1971, the villages of Madhyapara, Kashabhog & Rudrakar were under the authority of the Palong police station of Madaripur sub-division in Faridpur District. They are now under the jurisdiction of the Shariatpur municipality in Shariatpur Sadar Upazila of Shariatpur District. The three villages at the time were largely Hindu-inhabited and Madhyapara was totally Hindu.

Makalkandi massacre was a massacre of the Hindus of Makalkandi village in the Habiganj Sub-division of undivided Sylhet district by the Pakistani occupation army on 18 August 1971.

Martyred Intellectuals Day is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate those intellectuals who were killed by Pakistani forces and their collaborators during the 1971 Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971. The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then East Pakistan. Two days after the events of 14 December, on 16 December, Bangladesh became independent through the surrender of Pakistani forces.

Muzaffarabad massacre was the massacre of the residents of predominantly Hindu village of Muzaffarabad now under Kharna Union of Patiya Upazila in Chittagong District of Bangladesh on 3 May 1971 by the Pakistani army aided by the local collaborators. An estimated 300 Bengali Hindus, from 5-year-old child to 80 years old men and women were killed in the massacre. More than 500 houses were burnt to ashes. According to eyewitnesses, Rameez Ahmed Chowdhury, the then Chairman of Kharna Union, and his aides were responsible for the massacre.

Naria massacre refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindus of Naria village in the district of Sylhet on 5 May 1971 by the Pakistani occupation army.

Pomara massacre refers to the killing of unarmed Bengali Hindus of Pomara Union in Chittagong District of Bangladesh on 14 September 1971. The Pakistan army buried alive 13 Bengali Hindus in the Pomra reserved forest.

Ramna massacre was the massacre of the Hindus who lived in the region around the Ramna Kali temple by the Pakistani army on the night of 27 March 1971. It is estimated that around 250 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

Satanikhil massacre refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindu intellectuals on 14 May 1971 on the banks of Satanikhil canal in Dhaka district by the Pakistan armed forces. 14 Bengali Hindus were killed in the massacre.

Sendia massacre was a massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus in Sendia village in undivided Faridpur district on 20 May 1971 by the Pakistan Army.< 127 Bengali Hindu men, women and children were killed in the massacre. The killers did not spare even the pregnant women, children or the elderly people. 76 out of the 127 victims were women.

Shankharikathi massacre refers to the killings of unarmed Hindu men by the Razakars in Shankharikathi market, Alukdia village of greater Khulna district in Bangladesh on 4 November 1971. 42 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

Sree Angan massacre refers to the massacre of Bengali Hindu monks of Sree Angan monastery in Faridpur on 21 April 1971. Eights monks were killed by the Pakistan Army in the massacre.

Suryamani massacre took place on the early hours of 7 October 1971 in Suryamani village of the then Barisal district. The Razakars shot dead 24 Bengali Hindus.

Sutrapur massacre was the massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindu residents of Malakartola Lane of Sutrapur in Dhaka on 27 March 1971. The Pakistan army shot dead fourteen Bengali Hindus and one Muslim in the Loharpool bridge of Sutrapur.