34 Endemic fauna of Spain

Baetica ustulata is the only species of bush crickets in the monotypic genus Baetica.

The Betic midwife toad or Sapo Partero Bético is a species of frog in the family Alytidae. It is endemic to mountainous in south eastern Spain. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, pastureland, ponds, and aquaculture ponds. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldi, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Montseny Massif in northeast Spain. Before it was formally described in 2005, it was mixed with the larger and more widely distributed Pyrenean brook salamander.

Carabus lusitanicus brevis is a subspecies of beetle in the family Carabidae that is endemic to Spain. Males are yellowish-green coloured, while females are blackish-blue.

Conosimus baenai is a species of planthopper native to the Iberian Peninsula in Spain. Its coloration ranges between light yellow and greenish-yellow. Males measure about 4.1–4.4 millimeters in length while females measure about 4.7–5.0 millimeters. The species was named after Manuel Baena, a hemipterologist.

Elachista bazaensis is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is found in Spain.

Elachista glaseri is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is endemic to Spain.

Elachista tribertiella is a moth of the family Elachistidae that is endemic to Spain.

Gollumjapyx smeagol is a species of dipluran, named after Gollum, a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. It was first discovered in caves in the Spanish province of Castellón

Hemicycla inutilis is a species of gastropod in the Helicidae family. It is endemic to the Canary Islands.

Hemicycla mascaensis is a species of gastropod in the Helicidae family. It is endemic to Spain.

Hemicycla modesta is a species of gastropod in the family Helicidae. It is endemic to Spain.

Hemicycla plicaria is a species of gastropod in the family Helicidae. It is endemic to Spain.

Iberocypris palaciosi is a species of cyprinid fish. It is endemic to Spain and there known with the local name bogardilla.

Iberolacerta cyreni, Cyren's rock lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is endemic to central Spain.

Iberolacerta martinezricai, Martinez-Rica's rock lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae.

Insulivitrina mascaensis is a species of gastropod in the Vitrinidae family. It is endemic to Spain.

Kretania hesperica, the Spanish zephyr blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to Spain. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.Seitz describes it thus - hesperica Rbr. is above sky-blue instead of violet-blue; from Spain.

The Leonese rock lizard is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae.

The Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldi, is a species of salamander in the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Montseny Massif in northeast Spain. Before it was formally described in 2005, it was mixed with the larger and more widely distributed Pyrenean brook salamander.

Papilloderma altonagai is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the informal group Sigmurethra.

Parachondrostoma arrigonis is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Spain only found in the Júcar River basin. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Parachondrostoma miegii is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Spain, where it occurs in the basin of the Ebro and in one headwater of the Tagus. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Polyommatus golgus, the Sierra Nevada blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is endemic to Spain with habitat in the Sierra Nevada in Andalusia, and is an endangered species.

Pyrenaearia parva is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. This species is endemic to Spain.

Salamandra longirostris, the Penibetic salamander or long-snouted salamander, is a species of urodelan amphibian of the family Salamandridae. It is endemic to the Penibetic mountain range in Andalusia, Spain. It was originally described as a subspecies of Salamandra salamandra, the fire salamander, but was raised to full species rank in 2009.

Scopula concinnaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1842. It is endemic to Spain.

The Spanish algyroides, also commonly known as the Spanish keeled lizard or Valverde's lizard, is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae.

The Spanish painted frog is a species of frog in the family Alytidae. It is endemic to Spain.

Telema tenella is a species of spider in the family Telemidae. The species is endemic to the eastern Pyrénées between Spain and France.

Timarcha lugens (Chrysomelidae) is a wingless leaf beetle endemic to the high mountains of the Sierra Nevada (Spain). The genus Timarcha comprises a group of herbivorous species, widely distributed in Europe, Turkey, North Africa and Western North America, which inhabit a broad range of habitats, including high mountains, humid forests and sandy coastal areas. In the Iberian Peninsula, Timarcha is represented by more than 25 species, some of them inhabiting montane regions. In the Sierra Nevada, this genus is represented by four species, although only three of them, T. lugens, T. insparsa Rosenh., and T. marginicollis Rosenh., occur over 2,400 m (7,900 ft) altitude. While T. lugens and T. insparsa are endemic species of the Sierra Nevada mountains, T. marginicollis is also present in other mountain ranges in southern Spain. T. lugens distribution area spans from 2,400 to 3,200 metres above sea level, being the most abundant chrysomelid at these high-altitudes.

The Valencia hispanica or Valencia toothcarp is a species of freshwater fish in the family Valenciidae endemic to the south of Catalonia and the Valencian Community, Spain. There is at least one historical record of this species from near Perpignan in France but the species has been extirpated from that country.

Xerosecta adolfi is species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies. This species is endemic to Spain.

Zospeum percostulatum is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ellobiidae, the salt marsh snails. This species is endemic to Asturias, Spain. It is known from several limestone caves near Llanes. Though there were a few old records of Zospeum in Asturias, dubiously identified as Z. suarezi and Z. schaufussi, Zospeum percostulatum is the first species described for this autonomous community.