58 Monotypic ant genera

Adlerzia is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Adlerzia froggatti.

Amyrmex golbachi is a rare Neotropical species of ant and the only known species in the genus Amyrmex. It is currently only known from males from the Amazon basin of Brazil and from northern Argentina.

The Sri Lankan relict ant is a species of evolutionarily ancient ant placed in a tribe of its own within the family Formicidae. The genus is monotypic, with the only species endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is known from just a few locations. It is one of the few ant species considered endangered.

Anillidris is a genus of ants which only contains the species Anillidris bruchi. The genus is known only from a few collections in Brazil and Argentina. For a time Anillidris was synonymous with genus Linepithema, but was revived from synonymy by Shattuck (1992).

Ankylomyrma is a genus of large arboreal ants in the subfamily Agroecomyrmecinae. It contains the single species Ankylomyrma coronacantha, the sole member of the tribe Ankylomyrmini. The genus is known from Africa. Nothing is known about their biology. The genus was moved from the subfamily Myrmicinae to Agroecomyrmecinae in 2014.

Aphomomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Aphomomyrmex afer, known from Africa. The genus is closely related to Petalomyrmex.

Apomyrma stygia is a species of ant found in West Africa, first described in 1970. It is the only species in the genus Apomyrma, tribe Apomyrmini, and subfamily Apomyrminae. It has been suggested the ant primarily lives in tropical forests, and apparently belongs to a guild of centipede-feeding ants.

Aulacopone is a genus of ant in the subfamily Heteroponerinae containing the single species Aulacopone relicta. The genus was described by Arnoldi (1930) from a unique dealate female collected at Ələzəpin (Alazapin), near Lankaran, in Azerbaijan S.S.R., Soviet Union, near its border with Iran. The specimen was taken in galleries of the formicine ant Lasius emarginatus, under the bark of an oak stump, in mid-montane forest.

Bariamyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Bariamyrma hispidula. The genus is known only from queens from Venezuela.

Boloponera is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. The genus contains the single species Boloponera vicans, known from a single worker specimen collected in leaf litter in the Central African Republic. It is sometimes referred to as Bry's Ant after its discoverer, Brian Fisher.

Bregmatomyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Bregmatomyrma carnosa, known only from queens from Borneo.

Buniapone is a monotypic genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Buniapone amblyops, the single described species, is found in Southern and Southeast Asia.

Dacatria is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Dacatria templaris, first described from South Korea. The genus is known only from South Korea, Vietnam and China.

Diaphoromyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Diaphoromyrma sofiae, known only from workers from the type locality in Bahia, Brazil. The genus is apparently close to Allomerus and Diplomorium in the Solenopsidini, but its tribal attribution remains uncertain.

Diplomorium is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Diplomorium longipenne. The genus is known only from females and workers from South Africa, males remain unknown. Little is known about their biology, except that they nest under stones. They have been found nesting at the same location as Messor capensis, however, it is not known whether this was coincidence or if the species have a relation with each other.

Dolioponera is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Ponerinae containing the single species Dolioponera fustigera. The genus is known only from a few specimens from west and central Africa. Little is known about their biology, and males remain unknown.

Dolopomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Dolopomyrmex pilatus.

Ecphorella wellmani is a species of ant and the only known species of genus Ecphorella. The species is only known from workers from the type locality in Benguela, Angola. Nothing is known about their biology.

Epelysidris brocha is the only species of ant in the genus Epelysidris. Described by Barry Bolton in 1987 in Borneo, the species is only known from soil in tropical and moss rainforests, based on two known specimen collections.

Feroponera is a monotypic Afrotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae containing the single species Feroponera ferox. The genus is known only from a few specimen collected from an unoccupied termitary in Cameroon.

Fisheropone is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Known from central Africa, it contains a single described species Fisheropone ambigua, and at least one undescribed species. Nothing is known about its biology.

Gigantiops is a South American genus of jumping ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus contains the single species Gigantiops destructor, which is also the sole member of the tribe Gigantiopini. They have the largest eyes among all ants, are known for their ability to jump, and have the highest number of chromosomes of any member of the subfamily Formicinae (2n=78).

Iroponera is a monotypic genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Iroponera odax, the single described species, is known only from a few collections in Australia.

Kalathomyrmex is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Kalathomyrmex emeryi. First described as Myrmicocrypta emeryi by Forel in 1907, the species was most recently moved to its current genus by Klingenberg and Brandao in 2009.

Loweriella boltoni is a species of ant and is the only known species of genus Loweriella. The species is only known from workers collected in the rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Machomyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Machomyrma dispar. The genus is known only from Australia, where the ants are rarely encountered. Colonies nest is soil or between rocks in habitats ranging from savanna to rainforest. Little is known about their biology.

Martialis heureka is a species of ant discovered in 2000 from the Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil. It was described as a new species and placed as the sole member of a new subfamily, Martialinae. The generic name means "from Mars" and was given due to its unusual morphology, and the species epithet heureka indicates the surprising discovery. It belongs to the oldest known distinct lineage to have diverged from the ancestors of all other ants.

Mayaponera is a genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. It contains the single species Mayaponera constricta, found in Central and South America. Workers are slender and medium in size (6–7.5 mm).

Megaponera analis is the sole species of the genus Megaponera. They are a strictly termite-eating (termitophagous) ponerine ant species widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa and most commonly known for their column-like raiding formation when attacking termite feeding sites. Their sophisticated raiding behaviour gave them the common name Matabele ant after the Matabele tribe, fierce warriors who overwhelmed various other tribes during the 1800s. With some individuals reaching up to 25 millimetres (0.98 in) in length, M. analis is one of the world's largest ants.

Myrcidris is a genus of ant in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae containing a single species, Myrcidris epicharis. The genus is known only from a few localities north of Manaus, Brazil.

Nebothriomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Dolichoderinae containing the single species Nebothriomyrmex majeri. The genus is known from Western Australia.

Noonilla is a genus of ants of uncertain placement in the family Formicidae. It contains the single species Noonilla copiosa, first described by Petersen in 1968 based on male specimen from the Philippines. Noonilla was initially placed in the subfamily Leptanillinae, but was later removed from the subfamily when Ogata, Terayama & Masuko (1995) reviewed the genus, leaving the genus incertae sedis in the family.

Nothomyrmecia, also known as the dinosaur ant or dawn ant, is a rare genus of ants consisting of a single species, Nothomyrmecia macrops. These ants live in South Australia, nesting in old-growth mallee woodland and Eucalyptus woodland. The full distribution of Nothomyrmecia has never been assessed, and it is unknown how widespread the species truly is; its potential range may be wider if it does favour old-growth mallee woodland. Possible threats to its survival include habitat destruction and climate change. Nothomyrmecia is most active when it is cold because workers encounter fewer competitors and predators such as Camponotus and Iridomyrmex, and it also increases hunting success. Thus, the increase of temperature may prevent them from foraging and very few areas would be suitable for the ant to live in. As a result, the IUCN lists the ant as Critically Endangered.

Opamyrma hungvuong is a species of ant found in central Vietnam, first described in 2008. It is the only species in the genus Opamyrma. While originally classified in the subfamily Amblyoponinae, it is presently considered to belong to the subfamily Leptanillinae.

Overbeckia is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae containing the single species Overbeckia subclavata. The genus is known only from Singapore, where it nests in hollow branches of bamboo and other plants.

Paltothyreus is a monotypic genus of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae. Paltothyreus tarsatus, the single described species, is widely distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Workers are very large in size (17–20 mm); queens are similar to workers, but larger (23 mm) and winged.

Paramycetophylax is a genus of fungus-growing ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Paramycetophylax bruchi, known only from Argentina.

Petalomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Petalomyrmex phylax, known only from Cameroon. The genus is closely related to Aphomomyrmex.

Phalacromyrmex is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Phalacromyrmex fugax, first described from three workers collected in Ibicaré, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Phaulomyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Leptanillinae containing a single species, Phaulomyrma javana.

Pilotrochus is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Pilotrochus besmerus. It is known from Madagascar.

Proatta is a Southeast Asian genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Proatta butteli, known from the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra.

Promyopias is an Afrotropical genus of ant in the subfamily Ponerinae containing the single species Promyopias silvestrii. The rare genus has previously been regarded as a separate genus, as a subgenus and as a provisional synonymy, but was reinstated at genus-rank in 2008.

Propodilobus is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Propodilobus pingorum, known only from two localities on Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Protalaridris is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Protalaridris armata. The genus is known from wet forests of Ecuador and Colombia.

Protrechina is an extinct, monotypic genus of ant, first described by Wilson (1985) from a Middle Eocene fossil found near Malvern, Arkansas. The genus contains a single described species Protrechina carpenteri known from a solitary worker entombed in Claiborne Formation amber.

Pseudoatta is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It contains the single species Pseudoatta argentina, native to Argentina.

Ravavy is a Malagasy genus of ant in the subfamily Dolichoderinae containing the single species Ravavy miafina.

Rostromyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Rostromyrmex pasohensis. The genus is known from Peninsular Malaysia, where the ants live in the leaf litter with colonies located in rotten wood on the forest floor. Colonies are small and likely monogyne.

Santschiella is an Afrotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Santschiella kohli, described by Forel in 1916 from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The genus is known only from workers, measuring about 3 mm in length and with large eyes. Forel (1917) placed Santschiella in its own tribe, Santschiellini, where it remain until Bolton (2003) moved it to Gesomyrmecini.

Secostruma is a genus of subterranean ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Secostruma lethifera. The genus is known from a single worker collected in Gunong Silam, Sabah, Malaysia.

Talaridris is a genus of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Talaridris mandibularis.

Tatuidris, or armadillo ant, is a rare genus of ants consisting of a single species, Tatuidris tatusia. The ants are small in size and inhabit the leaf litter of Neotropical forests in Central and South America, from Mexico to Brazil. Workers are ferruginous-colored to dark red and present a distinctive morphology, consisting of a shield-like head with a broad vertex, ventrally-turned heavy mandibles which do not overlap at full closure, and unique among ants – an antenna socket apparatus sitting upside-down. Little is known about the biology of the ants, but they are likely nocturnal and specialist predators.

Tetheamyrma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae containing the single species Tetheamyrma subspongia. The genus is known only from two workers collected in a leaf litter sample in eastern Malaysia.

Tropidomyrmex is a Neotropical genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus contains the single species Tropidomyrmex elianae, known from Brazil.

Vicinopone is a monotypic Afrotropical genus of arboreal ants in the subfamily Dorylinae. Vicinopone conciliatrix, the only species in the genus, was first described as Simopone conciliatrix by Brown in 1975 and was transferred to its own genus by Bolton & Fisher in 2012. V. conciliatrix appears to be quite widely distributed but rare. Its rarity is more likely apparent than real because it nests and forages in trees, rarely if ever coming down to the ground.

Xymmer is a genus of ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae containing the single species Xymmer muticus.