WAtrophic vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina as a result of tissue thinning due to not enough estrogen. Symptoms may include pain with sex, vaginal itchiness or dryness, and an urge to urinate or burning with urination. It generally does not resolve without ongoing treatment. Complications may include urinary tract infections.
WBionovo was an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of botanically derived treatments for women's health and cancer based in Emeryville, California. The company had two drug candidates in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trials- Menerba a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist for hot flashes associated with menopause and Bezielle for advanced breast cancer. The company has ceased activity and its stock, although still listed, not moved from 0,00 USD since the end of 2012. No statement has been made by the management, nor any indication has been given that the company is still active. The last press statement was about the sell of all the technical equipment and lay off of 90% of the staff. In short words, the company is as good as bankrupted and shut down, although the management never officially admitted it.
WClimacteric is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers all aspects of aging in women, especially during the menopause. As the official journal of the International Menopause Society, Climacteric also publishes position statements and workshop proceedings from the society.
WAn estrogen patch is a transdermal delivery system for estradiol, which can be used as hormone replacement therapy to treat menopause symptoms, hypoestrogenism, and to prevent osteoporosis. Transdermal preparations of estrogen are metabolized differently than oral preparations. Transdermal estrogens avoid first-pass metabolism which allow transdermal preparations to contain a range of lower doses of estrogen, and thus potentially reduce the risk of blood clotting and stroke.
WDarcey Steinke is an American author and educator. She has written five novels: Up Through the Water, Suicide Blonde, Jesus Saves, and Milk, Easter Everywhere, and Sister Golden Hair. Steinke has also served as a lecturer at Princeton University, the American University of Paris, New School University, Barnard College, the University of Mississippi, and Columbia University.
WThe grandmother hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain the existence of menopause in human life history by identifying the adaptive value of extended kin networking. It builds on the previously postulated "mother hypothesis" which states that as mothers age, the costs of reproducing become greater, and energy devoted to those activities would be better spent helping her offspring in their reproductive efforts. It suggests that by redirecting their energy onto those of their offspring, grandmothers can better ensure the survival of their genes through younger generations. By providing sustenance and support to their kin, grandmothers not only ensure that their genetic interests are met, but they also enhance their social networks which could translate into better immediate resource acquisition. This effect could extend past kin into larger community networks and benefit wider group fitness.
WWulf H. Utian is a physician, reproductive endocrinologist, clinical researcher, and academic women's health department administrator. He is best known for first recognizing menopause as a potential health-related issue. He is the co-founder of the International Menopause Society and founder of the North American Menopause Society. Previously he has worked as a medical department administrator at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, the University Hospitals of Cleveland, and academic chairman of the department of Reproductive Biology at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. He is currently the Arthur H. Bill Professor Emeritus of Reproductive Biology at the Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, a consultant in women's health, and Scientific Director of Rapid Medical Research Inc.