WThe 2012 Nozhay-Yurtovsky District clashes involving Russian Interior Ministry special forces supported by heavy weapons and military aircraft and Islamist militants occurred between February 13 and 17, 2012, reportedly leaving at least 24 people dead on both sides. The Nozhay-Yurtovsky District is a part of the Russian republic of Chechnya bordering Dagestan. According to the Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov, mountains were being cleared of rebels because of a planned construction of a tourist complex in the area.
WAjnad al-Kavkaz is a Chechen-led Jihadi Islamic fundamentalist rebel group active in northern Syria, primarily in the mountainous, forested areas of northern Latakia Governorate. Although formed by former Caucasus Emirate fighters and tentatively linked to the organization, Ajnad al-Kavkaz operated fully autonomous from the beginning and later cut its links with the Caucasus Emirate. By September 2016, Ajnad al-Kavkaz had become "the largest of the Muslim factions from the former Soviet Union fighting in Syria."
WMountain Alburi Lam is located in the Kazbekovsky District of Dagestan, bordering Chechnya, to the west of Mount Tsanta. A continuation of Salatau ridge, it lies at an altitude of 2177,0 meters, close to the villages Almak, Burtunay, Simsir, Majgars, Shircha-Evla and the now non-existent Alburi-Otar and Haniduk.
WAlkhan-Barts is a mountain in the Novolaksky district of Dagestan. The height above sea level is 323 metres (353 yd). It is characterized by the extreme steepness of the western slopes.
WAukh is a historical Chechen region in the current republic of Dagestan. Aukh encompasses parts of the Novolak, Khasavyurtovsky Babayurtovsky and Kazbekovsky districts. The Chechens of Dagestan call themselves Aukhovites, and speak a sub dialect of the Galanchozh dialect.
WAukh District — formed in October 1943 as part of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, in which Chechens-Aukhs lived compactly. In the XIX century, the territory of the district was part of the North Caucasus Imamat where an administrative unit was formed - Aukh. After the end of the Caucasian War, an administrative unit existed at the place of residence of Aukh-Chechens for some time - Aukh district.
WThe North Caucasian Emirate was a mainly Avar and Chechen Islamic state that existed in the territory of Chechnya and western Dagestan during the Russian Civil War from September 1919 to March 1920. The emirate's temporary capital was established in the village of Vedeno and its leader, Uzun Haji (Узун-Хаджи), was given the title "His Majesty the Imam and the Emir of the North Caucasus Emirate, Sheikh Uzun Khair Haji Khan ".
WThe Caucasian Imamate, also known as the Caucasus Imamate, was the state established by the imams in Chechnya and Dagestan during the early-to-mid 19th century in the North Caucasus, to fight against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War, where Russia sought to conquer the Caucasus in order to secure communications with its new territories south of the mountains.
WChecheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast was an autonomous oblast of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, created on January 15, 1934 by merging the Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Oblasts.
WThe Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, or Checheno-Ingush ASSR was an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Grozny.
WThe Chechen–Russian conflict is the centuries-long conflict, often armed, between the Russian government and various Chechen forces. Formal hostilities date back to 1785, though elements of the conflict can be traced back considerably further.
WThe Circassian genocide was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, forced migration, and expulsion of 800,000–1,500,000 Circassians from their homeland Circassia, which roughly encompassed the major part of the North Caucasus and the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It has been recorded that during the events, the Russian and Cossack forces used various brutal methods to entertain themselves, such as tearing the bellies of pregnant women and removing the baby inside, then feeding the babies to dogs. Russian generals such as Grigory Zass described the Circassians as "subhuman filth", and justified their killing and use in scientific experiments. This occurred in the aftermath of the Russo-Circassian War in the second half of the 19th century. The displaced people were settled primarily to the Ottoman Empire.
WThe Chechen Republic of Ichkeria was a partially recognized secessionist government of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR. On 30 November 1991 Ingushetia would have a referendum in which the results dictated its separation from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, joining the Russian Federation instead as a constituent republic.
WMälkhista or Melkhista is a high-altitude historical region in the North Caucasus, located in the gorge of the same name. Today, Melkhista is a part of Motskaroyskoye rural settlement in Galanchozhsky District, Chechnya.
WThe Memorial to the Victims of the Deportation of 1944 was a Chechen memorial in the center of Grozny, capital of Chechnya, opened in 1992 to commemorate the Chechen victims of the Stalinist regime during and following their forced relocation to Central Asia in February 1944. The monument was sculpted by Chechen sculptor Darchi Khaskhanov.
WThe Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic or Mountain ASSR was a short-lived autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR in the Northern Caucasus that existed from 20 January 1921, to 7 July 1924. The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was created from parts of the Kuban and Terek Oblasts by the indigenous nationalities after the Russian Revolution; however, Soviet rule was installed on this territory after the Red Army conquered the Northern Caucasus in the course of the Russian Civil War, and the former republic was transformed into a Soviet one. The area of the republic was over 73,000 square kilometres (28,000 sq mi), and the population was about 800,000. It comprised six okrugs: Balkar, Chechen, Kabardian, Karachay, Nazran (Ingushetia), and Vladikavkaz Okrug (Ossetia) and had two cities: Grozny and Vladikavkaz. In addition, a special autonomy was provided to the Terek Cossacks: Sunzha Cossack Okrug, which included a large enclave in northern Ingushetia, and a smaller one bordering Grozny. Its boundaries approximated those of classical Zyx.
WThe Murid War was the eastern component of the Caucasian War of 1817–1864. In the Murid War, the Russian Empire conquered the independent peoples of the eastern Ciscaucasus.
WSimsir was a territory in Central Eastern Chechnya in the Middle Ages, existing in the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. It was located roughly in Eastern Chechnya. Its name may have been derived from the Chechen town of Simsir. The southern parts of Chechnya and Ingushetia were ruled by Durdzuketia, while the northwestern parts of the Vainakh area belonged to Alania. Simsir originally also had lands in Southeast Chechnya, but over the course of its existence, it became more and more focused on the Sunzha river as the core of its statehood. Its society had a feudal hierarchical social structure, and in its later years it allied itself with the Golden Horde before it was destroyed in 1390 by Timurlane, with that conquest of Timurlane written about in the Zafarnama by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi.
WSpecial Battalions Vostok and Zapad were two Spetsnaz units of the GRU, the military intelligence agency of Russian Federation, based in Chechnya. The overwhelming majority of the personnel were ethnic Chechens, while the command personnel were mixed ethnic Russian and Chechens. The Special Battalions were formed during the Second Chechen War as a force of Chechen volunteers under the direct control of the Russian government to perform operations in the mountain-forests of Chechnya. The two units operated independently from each other, with Zapad covering the western half of Chechnya and Vostok covering the eastern half, and their own commanders subordinate to the GRU but under the command network of the 42nd Guards Motor Rifle Division.
WKhevkharacha-Yalkhara, , or just Yalkhara, is a village in Galanchozhsky District, Chechnya.