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This is a list of cities in Mauritania by population. All settlements with a population over 10,000 are listed.

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Ain Ben Tili is a small village-fort in northeast Mauritania, on the border with Western Sahara. It is part of the Tiris Zemmour region.

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Akjoujt is a small city in western Mauritania. It is the capital of Inchiri region. "Akjoujt" (ɑk'ʤuʤt) means 'wells'. The city's main industry is gold and copper mining.

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Akreijit is a town situated in central Mauritania.

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Ayoun al Atrous is a town in southern Mauritania. It is located at around 16°40′0″N 9°37′0″W. It is the capital of Hodh El Gharbi region. The city is served by the Aioun el Atrouss Airport, 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of the city. The town is located in the southern area of the Aoukar, a former lake basin.

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Bir Moghrein is a city with 2,763 residents in Tiris Zemmour region of northern Mauritania, close to the border with Western Sahara.

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Cansado is a coastal town in north-western Mauritania on the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. It is located in the Nouadhibou Department in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region.

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Casbah des Ait Maouine is a town in central-western Mauritania. It is located in the Chinguetti Department in the Adrar Region.

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Chegga is a small settlement in the very northeastern part of Mauritania, close to the borders with Algeria and Mali. It consists of a military fort. It has been a caravan stop for centuries. There are neolithic rock carvings in the oued 500 meters away from the fort.

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Chinguetti is a ksar and a medieval trading center in northern Mauritania, located on the Adrar Plateau east of Atar.

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Diade is a town in south-eastern Mauritania. It is located in the Néma Department in the Hodh Ech Chargui Region.

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El Mamghar is a small village in western Mauritania. It is located in the Inchiri region.

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Fderîck or F'dérick is a town in the Tiris Zemmour Region of northern Mauritania. It is located near the border with Western Sahara, in a remote area of the Sahara desert, on the west side of the Kediet Ijill. Fderîck was constructed in the late 1950s around the former French Fort Gouraud to exploit the area's iron deposits. The iron is transported by the Mauritania Railway to the port at Nouadhibou. The city of Atar provides access to the capital, Nouakchott.

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Iouik, also spelled Iwik, is a coastal town in western Mauritania. Located in the Banc d'Arguin National Park within the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region, it sits on a small peninsula.

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Jraif is a town in central-northwestern Mauritania. It is located in the Chinguetti Department in the Adrar Region.

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Kataouane is a town in south-eastern Mauritania. It is located in the Bassikounou Department in the Hodh Ech Chargui region.

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Ksar el Khali is a town in central-northern Mauritania. It is located in the Chinguetti Department in the Adrar Region.

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La Batterie is a village in north-western Mauritania on the Ras Nouadhibou peninsular. It is located in the Nouadhibou Department in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region south of Nouadhibou close to Cansado.

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Mejaouda is a settlement which lies in the Sahara Desert of eastern Mauritania. It is approximately sixty kilometers from the border with Mali.

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Mhaïreth or M'Heirth is one of the largest oases of the Adrar region in Mauritania. It is located near Terjit. Mhaïreth is part of the commune of Maaden in the Aoujeft Department.

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Nouakchott is the capital and largest city of Mauritania. It is one of the largest cities in the Sahel. The city also serves as the administrative and economic center of Mauritania.

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Rachid is a town in central Mauritania at the foot of the Tagant Plateau. It is located in the Tidjikja Department in the Tagant region. It is located 39 kilometres (21 nmi) from the department capital of Tidjikja.

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Tanoudert is a coastal town in Mauritania. It is located in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region and forms a part of the Banc d'Arguin National Park. It is situated to a homonymous bay lying to the west and further west is Cape Tagarit (Cap-Tagair).

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Terjit is an oasis, 45km by road south of Atar and popular with Mauritania's few tourists. It nestles in a gorge on the western edge of the Adrar plateau with the palm grove stretching a few hundred metres alongside a stream which emerges from a spring. Terjit is part of the commune of Maaden in the Aoujeft Department.

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Tikattane is a coastal town in western Mauritania. It is located in Akjoujt department in the Inchiri Region

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Togba is a town in southern central Mauritania.